350 THE COMPLETE GRAZIER. BOOK n. 



or calves, and thus, by nourishing more animals, creates additional 

 manure and a profitable consumption of the crops on the spot. It has 

 been calculated that the herbage that will add 112 Ib. to the weight of 

 an ox will enable a dairy cow to yield 450 gallons of milk, which will 

 be found to exceed the return in meat, after making every fair 

 allowance for the additional expense of management. 



Throughout the system of daily management the vigilant eye of the 

 master should be carefully employed, for the servants will rarely give 

 that minute attention to every particular which is so indispensably 

 necessary in order to ensure success. On this account, it is likel}' 

 that a dairy-farm of a moderate size one, for instance, that keeps 

 from ten to twenty cows will, if properly managed, afford a larger 

 proportionate profit than another of greater extent, because, in the 

 former case, the farmer's wife and daughters can more easily super- 

 intend, or perhaps perform, a considerable part of the dairy operations 

 themselves ; and this will always be better done by them than by hired 

 servants. No branch of husbandry deserves and requires such unre- 

 mitting attention. Sir John Sinclair very justty remarks, " that if a 

 few spoonfuls of milk are left in the udder of a cow at milking if any 

 one of the implements used in the dairy is allowed to be tainted by 

 neglect if the dairy-house is kept dirty or out of order if the milk 

 is either too hot or too cold at coagulating if too much or too little 

 rennet is put into the milk if the whey is not speedily taken off if 

 too much or too little salt is applied if the butter is too slowly or too 

 hastily churned or if other minute attentions are neglected the milk 

 will be in a great measure lost." If these nice operations occurred only 

 once a month, or once a week, they might be easily guarded against ; 

 but, as they require to be observed through every stage of the process, and 

 almost every hour of the day, the most vigilant attention must be kept 

 up throughout the whole season. This is not to be expected from 

 hired servants. The wives and daughters of farmers, therefore, having 

 a greater interest in the concern, are more likely to bestow that con- 

 stant, anxious, and unremitting attention to the dairy, without which it 

 cannot be rendered productive. 1 



CHAPTER VIII. 



THE FACTOBY SYSTEM OF DAIRYING HOME AND FOREIGN. 



IT will be not only interesting, but it will serve important practical 

 purposes, if we glance, however briefly, at those methods in use in 

 countries other than our own ; and at the systems upon which dairy 

 work is there conducted. 



1 Sir John Sinclair on the Husbandry of Scotland, vol. ii. p. 124. 



