566B THE COMPLETE GRAZIER. BOOK vi. 



"As previously remarked, it was to be expected that, since they 

 followed the same methods of investigation, the English and German 

 Commissions would obtain substantially the same experimental results ; 

 but there was, of course, no such certainty that they would draw the 

 same conclusions from these results. As a matter of fact, however, the 

 conclusions are very similar." 



JOHNE'S DISEASE. An until recently obscure and intractable disease 

 affecting young cattle, chiefly between the age of six months and three 

 years, in which the only visible signs are wasting of the flesh and a 

 persistent diarrhoea, due to minute bacteria which infest the intestines. 

 It was almost generally thought to be of a tuberculous character, but 

 the microscope has now revealed its true nature. Unfortunately, how- 

 ever, no reliable treatment has at present been discovered, and the 

 affected animals usually eventually die. 



CHAPTER II. 



ON THE DISEASES OF HORSES. 



COLD OR CATARRH. This disorder is generally induced by exposing a 

 horse to cold or wet, while in a state of perspiration. Its symptoms 

 are dulness and watering of the eyes, cough, discharge from the nostrils, 

 some quickness of breathing, and somewhat accelerated pulse. (A 

 healthy horse's pulse beats from thirty-two to forty strokes in a 

 minute.) A little additional warmth, a few mashes, and a small dose 

 of saltpetre will usually effect a cure ; but if the cough is obstinate, 

 and the mouth gets hot and the throat sore, the matter becomes 

 more serious, and the regular practitioner should be called in. 



CHEST AFFECTIONS. In all chest affections, such as pleurisy, 

 inflammation of the lungs, and bronchitis, the veterinary surgeon 

 should be promptly consulted. Where an animal shows signs of 

 general illness, with difficulty of breathing and frequent cough, one of 

 these ailments may be suspected, in which case mustard should be 

 applied over the sides and a dose of whisky administered, pending the 

 arrival of the surgeon. 



EOARING AND WHISTLING. The terms roaring and whistling are 

 applied to abnormal sound emitted during the act of breathing. They 

 are symptoms of disease affecting the respiratory passages, and more 

 especially that part termed the larynx, or upper extremity of the 

 windpipe (page 410). Whichever form the disease assumes it constitutes 

 unsoundness, and not infrequently leads to complete disablement in 

 consequence of the obstruction which it causes to the passage of air to 



