650 THE COMPLETE GRAZIER. BOOK vnr. 



erected to serve, as are the apartments which make up a steading, the 

 latter may be grouped in three classes. (1) Those connected with the 

 produce of the farm, and with its preparation for market and for the 

 feeding of stock. (2) Those connected with the housing of the live 

 stock of the farm. (3) The various structures which may be called 

 miscellaneous, and which are used for a variety of purposes in pro- 

 moting the work of the two other groups, as, for example, store houses 

 for food and for implements, workshops, manure pits, and sheds of 

 different kinds. 



It is obvious that more than one way may be suggested of combining 

 or arranging these various groups. They may be arranged in that 

 rough and ready fashion which sets at defiance all attempts to classify 

 them, much less to prosecute in proper sequence the work done in them ; 

 or they may, on the contrary, be so arranged that the work of the one 

 group will aid that of the other. This latter it need hardly be said is 

 the true principle. When this is adopted, the various groups of 

 apartments above-named fall at once into their proper places ; those 

 connected with stock occupying one part, those with produce another. 



But this principle of arrangement must be carried yet farther. For 

 it is not enough that the stock apartments, for example, shall occupy a 

 certain position in the general plan ; it is necessary that, as there 

 are varieties of stock, so also there must be a secondary grouping, so 

 to call it, of the apartments they use, so that each separate variety 

 shall occupy the place best suited to it. Thus, for example, the 

 apartments, &c., for those varieties of stock which require the largest 

 supplies of straw should be placed in the closest contiguity to the barn 

 in which the straw is stored ; whilst, on the other hand, ready access 

 should be secured to the manure pit or dung- sluice or shed, as well as 

 to the turnip or root store. Take again the case of dairy cows ; they 

 do not necessarily require straw for bedding, but where it is allowed to 

 them room is needed for it, and also for the different kinds of food, 

 either those grown on the farm, or supplied from external sources. The 

 stores for these will require, therefore, to be near the cow-house or 

 byre ; and this again as before near the manure pit, whilst it should also 

 have a certain definite relationship to the apartments in which the milk 

 is made either into butter or cheese, or into both. Yet they must not 

 be placed so near as to run the risk of contamination. The piggeries 

 should be placed so that the waste from the dairy and cheese-house may 

 be readily conveyed to them, but as this is chiefly in a liquid form it may 

 be run into a tank near them. When drains are laid from the dairy to the 

 pig- sties, they must on no account be connected with the inside of the 

 dairy, or it will be impossible to keep the milk sweet and wholesome. 

 Then, like the produce department, the straw barn should be near the 

 threshing barn, this again near to the machinery by which the 

 threshing machine is worked, whether this be a steam-engine, or the 

 more antiquated, but useful and economical waterwheel. Next to the 

 threshing barn is the corn barn, in which are placed the machines and 

 appliances used to dress the grain for market, whilst near the engine or 

 other motive power is the general machine room, in which materials or 



