760 



THE COMPLETE GRAZIER. 



require no expensive foundations or gearing to get up the speed necessary 

 for the driving of the machinery. 



Messrs. Gilkes & Co., of Kendal (Canal Iron Works), manufacture the 

 forms of turbines invented by Professor Thomson, of Belfast, which have 

 gained, under the name of the "Vortex," the highest reputation for 

 efficiency, and other forms as well. 



Messrs. Gilkes give attention to the circumstances of each case in 

 which a turbine is required, and recommend the form best suited thereto. 

 Where there is a good and regular flow of water, a cheap class of turbine 

 will serve ; but, if it be necessary to obtain as much power as possible 

 from a small flow of water, a more expensive machine will usually be 

 found necessary. 



As a rule, to which there are exceptions, for falls below 10 ft., Messrs. 

 Gilkes recommend a turbine with vertical shaft, such as the Kendal, 



Fig. 326. Hornsby's Oil Engine. 



represented in fig. 327. For falls of 10 ft. to 100 ft., either the Double 

 Vortex, with horizontal shaft, shown in fig. 328, or, if a very large 

 quantity of water has to be dealt with on a comparatively low fall, a 

 Twin turbine consisting of two single discharge wheels of the Kendal 

 or similar type, keyed on to one horizontal shaft, and placed in the same 

 case or shell. Tor falls above 100 ft., the Pelton wheel shown in fig. 329 

 or a turbine named the Girard, is deemed most suitable. 



After an experience of many years, Messrs. Gilkes have come to the 

 conclusion that the best vertical shaft turbine for low falls, where capital 

 outlay has to be considered, and a comparatively high speed is desirable, 

 is the design which they have named the Kendal, an improved form of 

 the Lunedale, which they have made for many years. 



In the Kendal wheel some of the w r ater is passed through an upper 

 set of cast-iron buckets and discharged through a central tube. There 



