930 



THE COMPLETE GRAZIER. 



Close grazing, folding with sheep, dressing with lime, gas-lime, salt, 

 &c., and heavy rolling, are all more or less inimical to the wireworm. 



Leather jackets are the grubs which develop from the eggs of Daddy 

 Longlegs, or Crane Flies, Tipula oleracea (fig. 437). These flies may 

 be seen in quantities, especially in autumn, depositing their eggs upon 



Fig. 437. Daddy Longlegs (Tipula oleracea). 

 Mature fly, eggs, grub and pupa. 



meadows, clover leys, and marsh-lands. The grubs grow to rather 

 over an inch in length, and possess exceedingly tough skins. They 

 do enormous damage by gnawing through the roots of plants just 

 below the surface of the ground. Amongst the preventive or remedial 

 measures adopted in the case of this pest are drainage, the removal of 

 neglected herbage, the maintenance by suitable manuring of a 

 vigorous and healthy growth of the crop, and the consolidation of the 

 land by means of rolling. 



CHAPTER II. 



ON ARTIFICIAL GRASSES, OR GREEN FORAGE CROPS. 



FT1HE term artificial grasses is usually applied to clovers and their 

 J_ allies. The clovers (Trifolium) belong to the natural order 

 Leguminossp, which also includes trefoil, lucerne, sainfoin, vetches, 

 peas, beans, &c., all of which have a strong family resemblance in 

 their nutritive characters and in their manurial requirements. The 



