CHAP. ni. MANURES FOB GRASS LAND. 1023 



turf as in the case of permanent grass land, he can manure much more 

 heavily. 



Two cwt. of nitrate of soda per acre may generally be usefully 

 applied and often 3 or 4 cwt. put on in successive doses of 1 cwt. 

 each. 



Two or 3 cwt. of superphosphate or of dissolved bones or more if 

 dung is scarce may be used on limy soils ; or 3 cwt. of bone-meal or 

 of phosphatic Peruvian guano, or 5 cwt. of basic slag, on soils poor in 

 lime. On light soils, 2 or 3 cwt. of kainit is often useful. 



PERMANENT PASTURE. Permanent grass land must be, as a rule, 

 more carefully treated. The phosphatic manures already mentioned, 

 with kainit on light land, are suitable dressings; but from 1 cwt. to 

 2 cwt. of nitrate of soda or sulphate of ammonia is generally the 

 maximum dose of strong nitrogenous manure that is desirable. If it 

 be wished to keep up the leguminous constituents of the herbage, 1 

 cwt. should not be exceeded, as a larger dressing is apt to favour too 

 much the purely gramineous constituents of the pasture. 



Probably the best way to keep up a good permanent condition of 

 grass land is to rely largely for nitrogenous manure on the excreta of 

 sheep fed on the land with a liberal allowance of cake, phosphatic 

 manure only being artificially applied. 



Undissolved manures, like bones, guano, and basic slag (see p. 1013), 

 are best applied to grass land in the autumn. 



HOPS. This crop is generally largely manured with bulky nitro- 

 genous manures such as hoofs and horns, rape-dust or shoddy, dug in 

 in the autumn, whilst 4 to 6 cwt. of nitrate of soda applied early in 

 the season, will generally be found to be a useful addition. Phosphatic 

 manures should be applied liberally, and also potash salts, unless much 

 dung is used. 



POTATOES. Potatoes on most land pay well for potash manures in 

 addition to dung and other artificial fertilisers. They are generally 

 regarded as a drawing or exhausting crop, but if liberal manuring 

 is resorted to they do not impair the immediate fertility of the soil as 

 they do when treated parsimoniously. 



It has been shown by a great number of experiments that what is 

 called a "complete dressing" of artificial manures, with 10 tons of farm- 

 yard manure, will ensure at least as good a yield of potatoes as 20 tons 

 of the latter alone. The artificial manures and quantities usually found 

 most advantageous are 4 cwt. per acre of superphosphate, 1J to 2 cwt. 

 of sulphate of ammonia, and If to 2 cwt. of sulphate or muriate of 

 potash, applied in the drills at the time of planting. When no farmyard 

 manure is available, a dressing of nitrate of soda in addition, 1| cwt. per 

 acre, is sometimes applied just before earthing up the crop. 



CABBAGES. Cabbages, Kale, or Kohl-rabi, will stand very heavy 

 manuring. Bulky organic manures are often used, and guano may be 



