Such terms as Monodon, Caprimulgus, Paradisea apoda, and Monocu- 

 /U5, have acquired sufficient currency no longer to cause error, and are 

 therefore retained without inconvenience. Names derived from locali- 

 ties, where the species are found to have wider limits, should still be 

 retained. But when we find a Batrachian reptile named in violation of 

 its true affinities, Mastodonsaurus, or when a name is derived from an 

 accidental monstrosity, as in Picus semirostris of LINNJEUS and Helix 

 disjuncta of TURTON, another name should be substituted. This priv- 

 ilege should be allowed only in extreme cases. 



d. When the name of a species is afterwards made the name of a 

 genus to include that species, a new specific name should be given. 



The generic name Pyrrhocorax was applied to the species called 

 by LINNJEDS, Corvus pyrrhocorax. It therefore became necessary to 

 change the specific name, and alpinus was substituted. The practice 

 of thus elevating specific names to generic is a bad one. See 6, i. 



II. LAWS WITH REGARD TO ORTHOGRAPHY. 



4. In writing systematic names, the rules of Latin orthography 

 should be adhered to ; except in words derived from proper names, 

 in which only the termination should be latinized. 



Proper names of persons would often become quite unintelligible if 

 modified so as to conform throughout to Latin orthography. We 

 should not recognize Knighti, Woodwardi, in the words Cnichti, Vud- 

 vardi. But words of barbarous origin, having no fixed orthography, 

 are more pliable, and hence when adopted into the Latin, should be ren- 

 dered as classical in apipearance as is consistent with the preservation 

 of their original sound. 



a. In converting Greek words into Latin the following principles 

 should be regarded. 



Greek. 



6 



Greek. 



(JCI 



Latin. 



becomes 



o; terminal 



Oi 



1 



us 



urn 



u 



O3 



becomes 



Latin, 

 th 

 ph 

 Ch 



c 

 nch 



T( n g 



The aspirate (') h 



b. In compounding two Greek words, the first of the two words 

 should have the form of the genitive case, dropping only the termi- 

 nal consonant ; as from o$t> 15 bird and 17/0* beak, we have Orni- 

 thorhynchus not Ornirhynchus. 



c. Words of different languages must never be compounded to- 

 gether. We add 



