BUILDING AND EQUIPMENT 35 



furnish all the ventilation needed. 1 Under many other condi- 

 tions, however, it is necessary to hood that equipment from 

 which free steam escapes in large volume, such as can washers, 

 and can sterilizers, hot wells, etc., and to draw the steam away 

 through ducts of adequate size by one or more motor fans 

 located in the outside wall or ceiling. 



Drainage. All floors of the manufacturing rooms should 

 slope to facilitate rapid drainage. A fall of one-eighth inch 

 per foot is usually sufficient. Large water-sealed floor drains 

 should be sufficiently numerous and well placed in all rooms to 

 rapidly carry off water. The surface of these floor drains should 

 be about one-half inch below that of the adjoining floor, so as 

 to catch the water readily. In the larger rooms open drain- 

 ditches in the cement floor, six to eight inches wide and covered 

 with perforated iron plates, are preferable to bell-traps. They 

 may be placed along the walls or elsewhere. They should be 

 not more than forty feet apart and have a fall of one-eighth 

 inch to the foot, with the floor sloping toward them. It is gener- 

 ally most convenient to have all the drain pipes enter into one 

 large sewer pipe not less than ten inches in diameter, for a con- 

 densery receiving about fifty thousand pounds of milk daily, 

 which should dispose of all the factory sewerage. It is advis- 

 able to place the main sewer pipe outside the building and to 

 have it terminate in a "clean-out." This will afford more ready 

 access in case the sewer is stopped up. 



General Plan of Factory. Most of the condensing factories 

 are either one- or two-story buildings. In the case of two-story 

 buildings the first floor is usually devoted to the boiler and 

 engine rooms, vat room, well room, filling, sealing and packing 

 rooms. On the second floor are installed the pan room, store 

 room for sugar and box shooks, the tin shop and possibly the 

 offices. A basement is sometimes provided and used for the stor- 

 ing of condensed milk. 



Fig. 7 illustrates a floor plan of a milk condensing factory 

 with a capacity of fifty thousand pounds of milk daily. All 

 operating rooms are located on one floor. The arrangement of 

 machinery permits of the handling of the milk on the gravity 



1 In this case there should be an inner and outer stack with an air space 

 between which connects with the air flue. 



