COST OF MANUFACTURE 217 



evaporated milk), had lost its antiscorbutic properties when 

 used in quantities equivalent to an amount of raw milk w)hich 

 would prevent scurvy in guinea pigs on a diet of rolled oats 

 and dried hay. 



Hart's results agree with those of many other investiga- 

 tors in the fact that the exposure of milk to sterilizing tempera- 

 ture, deprives the product of its antiscorbutic properties. On 

 the basis of these facts evaporated milk cannot be recommended 

 as an exclusive milk diet for babies and children. If evapo- 

 rated milk must be used for infant feeding, some antiscorbutic 

 supplementary food, such as orange juice, should be fed in con- 

 junction with the exclusive use of evaporated milk or similar 

 heated milk product. 



To what extent the antiscorbutic properties of milk are 

 preserved or destroyed in the manufacture of sweetened con- 

 densed milk, has not as yet been experimentally demonstrated. 

 This product is not exposed to sterilizing temperatures and yet 

 it is heated at least to the boiling point. The safer course to 

 follow here, too, if sweetened condensed milk must take the 

 place of normal raw or pasteurized milk, is to feed it in con- 

 junction with a known antiscorbutic supplementary food, such 

 as orange juice. 



CHAPTER XXI. 

 COST OF MANUFACTURE. 



General Discussion. The cost of manufacture varies, in a 

 general way, with the organization and size of the factory, 

 capacity of machinery and the amount of the output. These 

 variations are further modified by the cost of available labor, 

 the price of milk, cane sugar, tin cans, box shocks, coal and 

 other supplies, etc. 



In a properly organized plant the cost of manufacture per 

 case of finished product decreases with the increase of the out- 

 put, provided that the capacity of the machinery is sufficient to 

 take care of such increase. When the plant is forced beyond 

 its capacity, the factory operates at a disadvantage, and the 

 extra labor and possible waste and losses tend to increase the 

 cost per case. When the output drops below 100 to 150 cases 



