60 BIRDS OF EASTERN MASSACHUSETTS 



[House Sparrow ; English Sparrow Passer do- 

 mesticus Linne. Introduced from Europe. Abundant P. 

 R. in cities and towns. Nest in climbing vines, cavities in 

 trees, buildings, and birdhouses. Eggs, April - July.] 



521. Crossbill ; American Red Crossbill Loxia 

 eurvirostra minor (Brehm). Irregular, sometimes common 

 W. V. from North, and occasional at other seasons. Rarely 

 breeds. Coniferous trees, especially pitch pines. Nest in 

 tree. 



522. White-winged Crossbill Loxia leucoptera 

 Gmelin. Irregular W. V., sometimes common. Oct. 22 - 

 May 12 (25; (June). Conifers. 



52 7a. Hoary Redpoll Acdnthis hornernanni ex- 

 ilipes (Coues). Rare W. V. Nov. 15 - Mar. 20. One record 

 for Essex Co. Swampscott, Nov. 16, 1878. 



528. Redpoll Acanthis lindria linaria (Linne). Fre- 

 quent, often abundant, but irregular fall and W. V. Oct. 

 16) 25- April 10 (25. Open tree-growth and weedy fields, 

 feeding on seeds of birches, alders, ragweed, etc.; often in 

 large flocks. 



528a. HolboelFs Redpoll Acanthis linaria hol- 

 boelli (Brehm). Very rare W. V. from North. Mar. 10, 26. 

 Swampscott, 1883. 



528h. Greater Redpoll Acanlhis linaria rostrdta 

 (Coues). Coastwise W. V. from North ; irregular, and at 

 times common. Dec. 27 -Feb. 25. 



*Brewster's Linnet Acanthis brewsteri Ridgway. 

 Only one specimen known, taken at Waltham, Nov. 1, 1870. 

 Status uncertain, perhaps a hybrid between Redpoll and 

 Pine Siskin. 



529. Goldfinch ; Yellow-bird ; " Wild Canary" 

 Astragalinus tristis tristis (Linne). Common M. and S. 

 R. ; not uncommon in winter; most conspicuous in July and 

 Aug. In flocks, feeding on seeds in weedy fields, roadsides, 

 and gardens, or perched on trees in the vicinity. Nest in 

 bush or tree. Eggs, July 21 - Aug. 11. 



533. Pine Siskin Spinus pinus (Wilson). Fall and 

 W. V., irregular, sometimes common; rarely nests. Sept. 

 19 -May 30; (summer). Coniferous trees. Nest in tree. 

 Eggs, May. 



^European Siskin Spinus spinus Linne. Accidental 

 from Old World; one record. 



^[European Goldfinch Car duelis carduelis (Linne). 

 Introduced but not established. Bred near Worcester, 

 July, 1890.] 



