improved by President Clap of Yale College. The old 

 scythe for cutting grass was hardly improved till, in 1846, 

 Joseph Jenks of Lynn welded the iron back. Poor tools 

 and few improvements show that the men were not devel- 

 oped. 



The Ancients did not ignore this industry. Cato wrote 

 a book on Agriculture. The Roman Senate ordered the 

 translation of the books of Mago of Carthage for the com- 

 mon people. Columella describes a good milch cow, 

 " large belly, broad head, black open eyes, graceful horns, 

 smooth and black, ears hairy, jaws straight, dewlap and 

 tail small." That was very good for the time. We could 

 do better now. The Roman orator, Curius, said, "He is 

 not to be counted a good citizen who cannot content him- 

 self with seven acres of land." That was early Rome. In 

 later times they made the farm larger. Pliny said, "The 

 earth takes delight in being tilled by men crowned with 

 laurels and decorated with triumphal honors." That was 

 poor poetry and poorer prose. The truth is, the earth 

 delights in being tilled by the man who knows how to 

 raise a crop. Buonaparte established agricultural socie- 

 ties, planted botanical gardens, and founded agricultural 

 professorships, but he did not establish citizenship for 

 the French peasant. 



The history of Agriculture is the history of man. The 

 slow growth of the art is because of the neglect of man- 

 hood. The Roman orator declared, "There is nothing 

 more beautiful, nothing more profitable than a well culti- 

 vated farm," but he left out the nobler idea of the well 

 cultivated man on the farm. Greece drained lakes and 



