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der the sun." What then existed the like had existed be- 

 fore. Whether that was intended to apply to insects we 

 are not informed. The canker worm, the caterpillar and 

 palmer worm are all mentioned in scripture as destructive 

 insects ; whether they are the same insects now known by 

 these names we are not informed. 



We learn from tradition that the orchards in the north 

 part of the county were ravaged by the canker "worm in 

 the latter part of the last century. In the spring of 1793 

 there was a late frost that killed the canker worm and 

 nearly all the apples, and it was thought to be a benefit 

 rather than a loss, as the destruction of the canker worm 

 would more than compensate the loss of the apples. They 

 appeared again early in the present century. I remember 

 their sad effects as is seen the present day in many or- 

 chards. I also remember assisting in tarring my father's 

 trees, which with much care proved successful. In 1815 

 they were again killed by a late frost. Since that time 

 they have appeared and disappeared, and sometimes have 

 disappeared without a known cause. 



In tarring my father's trees we used tar mixed with 

 blubber to thin it, then warmed it over the kitchen fire to 

 have it mix and spread well. It was applied every day 

 late in the afternoon. More recently ink has been used, 

 as it could be put on less frequently and answer the pur- 

 pose. Still more recently a solution of Paris green and 

 water has been used to spray the trees that in many cases 

 has been successful, but caution should be used that it be 

 not too strong, as the foliage is sometimes injured. 



Caterpillars were formerly more numerous than they 

 now are. It was then not uncommon to see nearly the 

 whole orchard stripped of its foliage by these insects, but 

 the like is now rarely seen. 



The apple maggot is thought to be a new insect. It is 



