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apart, and thinned to ten inches apart in the drills. For 

 winter crops, the 1st of July is about the right time to 

 plant, perhaps a little earlier ; have the drills the same 

 distance apart as for early beets, but do not thin to 

 more than four or six inches apart in the drills, as, the 

 weather being warmer, they will grow as well at this sea- 

 son as early ones grow in April thinned to ten inches apart. 

 Cover the seed one inch deep. Early Bastian and Dew- 

 ing's Early Turnip are the standards for early and late 

 crops. Beet tops are very popular as greens, being very 

 tender, and when cooked are preferred by many to spin- 

 ach or dandelion. One ounce will sow fifty feet of drill. 



Cabbage. 



All of the varieties are propagated from seed sown an- 

 nually. For early use, sow about February 15th, in the 

 hot-bed, green-house, or in a box in a sunny window, cov- 

 ering the seed about one-half of an inch deep ; the plants 

 will be ready to set in the open ground about April 20th, 

 before which time they should be transplanted, in order to 

 make them stocky. Cabbages grow best in a rich, loamy 

 soil, which should be prepared by very heavy manuring 

 (as high as twenty cords per acre being used with profita- 

 ble results by market gardeners) ; lap two furrows togeth- 

 er about three and one-half feet apart, and beat them 

 down nearly level with the fork. Set the plants twenty- 

 two to twenty-four inches apart, according to the quality 

 of the land. It takes about six thousand plants to set an 

 acre. A handful of wood ashes thrown into the forming 

 heads will not only keep off the cabbage fly, but will also 

 assist the growth of the plants to a considerable extent. 

 For late crops, sow from the 1st to the 20th of June in 

 the field, or in beds so as to transplant. If planting the 

 seed in hills, thin to the same distance as for early ; if 



