No. 4.] MARKET MILK. 31 



necessary or advisable for the milk producer to buy or breed 

 registered cows; but by all means breed to a registered bull 

 of some breed, and stick to that breed. In selecting a bull to 

 breed from, see to it that his dam is the pattern from which 

 you wish your future herd to be made. You may feel sure 

 that her defects will be transmitted to many of his daughters. 

 I recall an instance of a noted bull whose daughters were 

 great producers, holding world's records. I noticed that many 

 of these daughters had high forward udders ; and when after- 

 wards T saw this bull's dam, I noted that she had the same 

 high udder as her granddaughters. See that his dam's dam, 

 and sire's dam also, have the characteristics that you want in 

 your herd, and that he is a good individual. Raise your heifer 

 calves, and if they are from cows of mixed blood they are 

 quite sure to take on the characteristics of the sire's family; 

 and often the first cross of native cows and a pure-bred bull 

 of established breeding will throw a herd of as great producing 

 powers and better constitution than a herd of pure breds. If 

 the females are pure bred of another breed, there is a balance 

 of forces, a clash, and the chances are less for getting valuable 

 oft'spring. Families of different characteristics of the same 

 breed may clash, and beget off'spring inferior to either parent. 

 Feeding the Calves. — I feed six pounds of new milk twice 

 a day for three months, and give them grain of a mixture of 

 bran, oil meal and whole oats as soon as they will eat it, and 

 rowen hay, all they will eat; and do not neglect fresh water 

 every day after they are a month old. They need a little 

 grain for a year ; their stomachs are not sufficiently adapted 

 to grass and hay to enable them to do their best. The second 

 year, do not feed much grain, thereby forcing them to eat 

 quantities of roughage, to develop capacity and make them 

 hardy. Too much grain at that age will make them delicate 

 feeders later, and cause them to fall off when put on roughage. 

 Do not let them freshen until they are thirty months old. 

 Feed grain liberally the last four months, so as to develoj) the 

 udder. 



