No. 4.] CLEAN MILK. 61 



an increase in price shall Lave been broken, and milk put 

 upon the basis that it has so long deserved; nntil, in fact, 

 the occupation of producing this most vital of American food 

 necessities shall become an attractive one both to capital and 

 to men ? 



There is right and justice in the demand of the consumer 

 for a cleaner, purer milk, and there is equal right and justice 

 in the demand of the producer that he be repaid the extra 

 cost of producing this extra quality, and no amount of in- 

 spection or legislation will really avail much until the pro- 

 ducers are adequately repaid. 



Mr. "\Vm. E. Pateick. How do you account for dairy 

 men being such fools as to sell their ]u-oduct at the price they 

 do, and ]>ay double for what they buy ? 



Professor Washburn. I shall not call the farmer a fool, 

 for when we go into the cities we find men from the farms in 

 every walk of life, and managing great businesses with skill 

 and intelligence. Of all the business enterprises in the 

 world farming is the most complex. To be a scientific farmer 

 requires more training, and more careful training, than 

 to be an equally good scientist in any other line. A scien- 

 tific agriculturist must know chemistry, physics, botany and 

 physiology, and all the other allied branches, and then cement 

 the whole proposition together by experience, and have com- 

 mon sense, business sagacity and diplomacy enough to handle 

 hired men. Answering more particularly, I would say that 

 farmers have sold for less than the true cost because they 

 did not know what that cost was. The true cost of a quart 

 of milk is a thing which it is extremely difficult to get down 

 to exact figures. 



There is a viewpoint I would like to impress upon every 

 man in the world who is interested in agriculture. I re- 

 cently spoke before a gathering of farmers, and a lady asked 

 to know the subject. I told her. " Well," she said, " the 

 State is doing a lot for the farmer these days." Is it for 

 the farmer? If so, is the State pauperizing the farmer by 

 helping him? In this country there are, roughly speaking, 



