No. 4.] GRAPE CIXTURE. 153 



season, early; use, dessert and market; well recommended; the stand- 

 ard early commercial grape. 



Niagara. — Originated in New York in 1868; tendrils, continuous; 

 fertile; stamens, upright; cluster, large to medium in size and medium 

 in compactness; berry, about medium to large in size and oval in 

 form; color, green to yellowish green; flavor, foxy, sweet and tart; 

 quality, good to very good ; season, midseason ; use, dessert and mar- 

 ket; well reconmiended; the standard white grape for the commercial 

 grower. 



Winchell. — Originated in Vermont in 1850; tendrils, irregular; fer- 

 tile; stamens, upright; cluster, large to medium in size and loose to 

 medium in compactness; berry, about medium to small in size and 

 round in form; color, light green; flavor, juicy and sweet; quality, 

 very good to best; season, early; use, dessert and market; well recom- 

 mended; the standard early green grape. 



Worden. — Originated in New York in 1863; tendrils, continuous; 

 fertile; stamens, upright; cluster, large and close; berry, large in size 

 and round in form; color, dark purple to black; flavor, sweet, juicy, 

 foxy and mild; quality, good to very good; season, early midseason; 

 use, dessert and market; well recommended; the standard early black 

 grape for home use and market. 



Planting. 



The holes should be dug about 10 inches deep and the plants care- 

 fully set out, using either strong one-year-old plants or two-year-old 

 plants. The vines should be purchased of one of the large, reliable 

 firms in the grape regions of New York. The rows should be set 8 feet 

 apart, with the vines 6 to 8 feet apart in the rows. I prefer early spring 

 planting. 



The land should be in good condition, with plenty of humus. Ground 

 bone or some other slow-acting fertilizer may be dug in where the vines 

 are set. For the first two years light posts, with one or two wires, 

 may be used. After that substantial posts, with two to four wires, 

 will be needed. 



Pruning. 



The first year the vines should be cut back to two buds. These 

 should ])e allowed to grow as long as they will. The next year the 

 vines may be cut the height of the lower wire, and two shoots again 

 be allowed to grow, breaking the others off soon after they start. The 

 object of this severe pruning is to get a strong root system established, 

 not allowing too much of the vine to go into unnecessary top. The 

 third year the best cane may be left .3 to 6 feet long, according to the 

 strength of the vine. 



To get a good crop of large clusters strong canes of well-ripened wood 

 are needed, the fruit being grown only on the wood of the previous 



