15 



and schools of agriculture, in which every branch is taught 

 with extreme detail, including crop-raising, grape-growing, 

 horse and cattle-breeding, fish-culture, drainage, forestry, and 

 the care of bees ; all these in addition to original researches 

 in chemistry and in other pertinent sciences. Of these 

 colleges the four highest have eighty professorships, and 

 those of lower degree are proportionately supplied. One 

 academy, that of Proskan, has attached to it 17,000 acres of 

 tillage and forest. The little duchy of Baden, with a popula- 

 tion less than that of Massachusetts, has twenty agricultural 

 establishments ; and, in the entire German empire, the people 

 are taught nearly on this scale. Perhaps some one will ask. 

 What has this vast net-work of scientific schools brought to 

 pass ? What has this army of highly educated and spectacled 

 professors to show, in exchange for their apparatus and 

 salaries .'' Already I have said that German officials keep a 

 sharp eye on their penny's-worth. Being themselves well 

 scrimped, they are determined that nobody else shall grow too 

 fat, or get pay without full return. A Prussian employe who 

 should leave his post and run to Berlin to look after politics 

 and offices, would first be discharged and afterwards clapped 

 in prison. Sometimes I think that a little of such tyranny 

 might have a wholesome effect in our country. 



The case before us makes no exception to the rule of thrift. 

 These professors have earned their wages. They found a 

 country that produced scanty crops of oats, barley and white 

 wine. To-day they show you an abundant yield of everything 

 their soil and cHmate will allow. Cultures that were feeble, 

 such as those of wheat and sugar-beets, have grown to grand 

 proportions ; waste lands have been reclaimed ; forests plant- 

 ed, grown and cut according to rule. Nobody there dares 

 sell a false manure with the argns eyes of a professor of chem- 



