VARIETIES OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. 31 



The detail into which we entered, relative to the structure 

 of man, in treating on Physiology and Anatomy, in the first of 

 this series, (See " Physiology and Animal Mechanism,") renders it 

 unnecessary to speak of his organization in this place. 



THE HUMAN RACE. 



1 1 . In the human race, as we have said, there is but a single 

 species ; nevertheless, all men are far from being alike, and the 

 principal differences which they present, are transmitted, uninter- 

 ruptedly, from generation to generation ; so that we must admit, 

 into this single species, several very distinctly marked varieties. 



12. The people who inhabit the old world appear to belong to 

 three principal varieties, designated by naturalists under the names 

 of Caucasian Race, Mongolian Race, and Ethiopian Race. 



13. The CAUCASIAN VARIETY, (Plate \,fiy. !) is distinguished 

 by the beauty of the oval formed by the head, by the develope- 

 ment of the forehead, the horizontal position of the eyes, the 

 slight projection of the cheek bones and jaws, the smooth hair, 

 and white, or at. least, whitish color of the skin ; it is also remark- 

 able for its perfectibility, for it has given origin to all the most 

 civilized people on earth. It occupies all Europe, the western 

 part of Asia, and the most northern part of Africa ; but it is be- 

 lieved to have come first from the mountains of Caucasia, situate 

 between the Caspian and Black Seas, and for this reason it has 

 been called Caucasian. 



14. The MONGOLIAN VARIETY, (Plate 1, fig. 2.) differs in many 

 respects from the Caucasian variety ; here the face is flattened ; 

 the forehead low, retreating and square ; the cheek bones project- 

 ing ; the eyes narrow and oblique ; the chin slightly projecting ; 

 the beard thin, the hair straight and black, and the skin of an 

 olive color. The languages proper to the Mongolian races pos- 

 sess characteristics common to them all, which clearly separate 

 them from people of Caucasian origin : the words of which the 

 Mongolian languages are composed are all monosyllabic. 



15. This variety of the human race is found to the ea^t of those 

 regions which are inhabited by the Caucasian race?; we first 



11. Are all the races of men like e ch other? 



12. Into what varieties have the people of the old world been distinguished ? 



13. What are the peculiarities of the Caucasian variety ? How is the 

 term Caucasian derived ? 



14. What are the peculiarities of the Mongolian variety ? What is the 

 character of the languages of the Mongolian race ? 



15. In what parts of the world is the Mongolian variety found ? What 

 remarkable nation is composed of the Mongolian variety ? To what variety 

 of the human race do the inhabitants of Japan, Corea, and the Caroline 

 Islands belong ? 



