EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1. 



Fig. 1. Skeleton of a bird seen in profile ms, superior or upper man- 

 dible mi, lower mandible n, the nasal fossse l t the tympanic bone or, 

 the orbit cc, cervical vertebrse wrf, dorsal vertebrae 7, vertebrae of the tail 

 c, the ribs ae, costal appendices s, sternum om, the scapula cl, the 

 clavicle h, the humerus re, the radius and cubitus or ulna p, the thumb 

 d, the median finger pd, rudiment of the thumb i, the iliac bones, 

 which form the pelvis/, the femur *, tibia pe, the fibula ta, the tarsus 

 rfi, the internal toe dm, median toe de, external toe dp, posterior toe. 



Fig. 2. The sternum and bones of the shoulder s, the sternum i, the 

 brisket or keel c, the clavicles co, the coracoid bone o, the scapula h t 

 a part of the humerus. 



Fig. 3. The head of a wood-pecker to show the position of the tongue, (Z,) 

 and the horns of trie hyoid bone (i) passing from below over the back 

 part of the head. 



