122 ELEMENTS OF STLVICULTUEE. 



Sometimes when the trees belong to those kinds 

 which throw up suckers, they are cut below, i.e., in 

 the ground. Some forests are actually worked in 

 this manner, and in consequence the clumps consist 

 of stems which spring up directly out of the ground. 

 But this method ought not to be generalized before 

 there is perfect certainty that the result will be the 

 same as in those localities where it has been hitherto 

 practised. 



CUTTING UP PEODUCE. In order not to obstruct 

 the development of shoots, and above all not to 

 injure them at a time when they are easily broken 

 off, it is important that the produce exploited should 

 be cut up at once. Moreover, the small branches 

 should not be left scattered about everywhere over 

 the ground. It is often difficult, from want of 

 sufficient hands, to cut up all the produce before the 

 appearance of the shoots ; but it is at least possible 

 to collect the small branches on blanks or in badly 

 stocked places. By this means the damage done is 

 localized, and it is repaired whenever required with 

 the aid of a little planting. It is also advantageous 

 to extract dead stools, and put in a few transplants 

 in their place. 



The removal or carrying out of produce can only 

 influence coppice growth by the damage which 

 results from the passing through of carts and from 

 the browsing of cattle. The extent of such damage 

 may be considerable in the absence of proper super- 

 vision. But it can be lessened by having the 

 produce collected along clearance routes fixed before- 

 hand, or better still, when that is possible, by having 



