SIMPLE COPPICE. 123 



it carried out as it is cut up, and collected along 

 some permanent road or at a depot. 



In spite of the damage which results from the 

 cutting up and carrying out of produce, it must 

 always be borne in mind that every limiting condition 

 imposed on the purchaser of standing timber results 

 in a depreciation of value. This depreciation is 

 often made much of by intending purchasers, and 

 hence only such precautions ought to be taken as are 

 indispensable to secure the well-being of the coppice. 

 The printed conditions of agreement for the purchase 

 of standing timber* lay down the general rules 

 carried out in the forests administered by the Forest 

 Department, and provide for any departure therefrom 

 by means of special clauses, whenever the circum- 

 stances of the case require them. 



BESEKVATION OF STAND AKDS. We have seen 

 that standards in simple coppice are intended to be 

 reserved for not more than two rotations of the 

 underwood. Their principal object is to shed a few 

 seeds, so as to keep the underwood fully stocked and 

 at the same time to furnish a few scantlings suited 

 for building purposes. From this latter point of 

 view, whenever the soil is moist and rich, it is not 

 unimportant to associate with the oaks a certain 

 quantity of aspen and birch trees, which grow 

 rapidly and yield wood which is in fair demand for 

 various purposes. As to the number of standards to 

 reserve, it ought not to be large, though it is im- 

 possible to lay down any precise rule on the subject. 

 The reason for this is evident, since the moment it 

 * This is the well-known " Cahier des charges." 



