COPPICE WITH STANDARDS. 133 



those of the soft woods. The rotation to apply will 

 depend on what is the most valuable species in the 

 coppice and on the kind of produce required. But 

 it is right to remark that the shorter the rotations 

 are, the more favourable will be the conditions 

 for trees of rapid growth, which are frequently of 

 inferior quality. 



CHAPTEE II. 

 COPPICE WITH STANDARDS. 



GENERALITIES. In growing coppice with stand- 

 ards, the end in view is to combine at once the 

 advantages of simple coppice and some of those of 

 high forest. In other words, to a ready and certain 

 reproduction, since it is obtained principally by 

 means of stool shoots, is joined the production of a 

 special quality of timber. This mode of treatment 

 therefore contains two elements, the underwood 

 and the reserve, which are incompatible to a 

 certain extent with each other, but can, notwith- 

 standing, be sufficiently reconciled together. The 

 repeated cutting of the underwood periodically 

 isolates the standards, which gives room for the 

 production of epicormic branches. The standards 

 are low, because, being selected from among the 

 coppice poles, they do not gain in length of bole 

 after they are isolated. Lastly the soil, exposed 



