24 ORIGINATING OF VARIETIES. 



nection between the two severed portions. This is done as soon as 

 the bark will separate ; the same end may, however, be accom- 

 plished early in spring by cutting away portions of the sap-wood 

 with the bark, and connecting the two parts by several pieces of a 

 branch, care being taken that they coincide accurately, as in graft- 

 ing. The whole, in either case, is then covered with wax." 



Grafting, like budding, has numerous modes and forms, all 

 resolving into the same thing that of transferring one variety on to 

 another. The modes most regarded, and in most common prac- 

 tice, we describe. 



Whip or tongue grafting. This is most generally practised when 

 the stock and scion are nearly of equal size. The whole gist of it 

 lays in so forming the graft and stock that the two outer surfaces of 

 albumen, or wood of last year's growth, match one with the other, 

 or if the stock is too large that they match on one side. See fig. 9. 

 The tongue is a notch cut in the stock corresponding with one cut 

 in the graft, and when put together, to serve as support in steady- 

 ing the graft until the circulation of sap has united it with the stock. 

 This is practised to a large extent by nursery -men on pieces of 

 roots, and is then termed " root-grafting." 



Splice Grafting is similar to tongue grafting, except that no slit 

 is made in either stock or graft. See fig. 10. 



Crown Grafting is performed in the same manner, only that it 

 is done on small stocks standing in the ground, at a point near the 

 upper rootlet or fibre. See fig. 11. 



Saddle Grafting. In saddle grafting, the stock is pared obliquely 

 on both sides, till it becomes an inverted wedge, 

 and the scion is slit up the centre, when its sides 

 are pared down till they fit the sides of the stock. 

 See fig. 12. This is the best mode to pursue with 

 the cherry and other stone fruits. 



Side Grafting, as seen in the cut, fig. 9, is per- 

 formed by cutting a notch or slit of about one inch 

 long in the side of the stock, paring the outer por- 

 tion, splitting the graft and paring the inner por- 

 tion, then inserting it so as to give a union of the 

 barks and woods leaving meanwhile the top of 

 Fig. 9. the stock to carry on the circulation of sap until the 



graft becomes united, when it is to be cut away. This is the best for 

 the magnolia and for the hickory, ash, &c. ; and also when scions 

 may have been received late in the spring, or the work of grafting 

 unavoidably delayed. 



