so 



TRANSPLANTING TREES. 



ately immersed in a running stream of water, and after the buds are 

 swollen, planted out in some location for the season, where the mid- 

 day sun will not strike them, and where the earth can be always 

 kept moist by mulching, etc. 



Pruning. That certain principles of the nature and habits of a 

 tree, must ever be borne in mind in pruning, to ensure success, is 

 evident ; but that the cutting away of small branches, or twigs, if 

 correctly made, will materially affect the health and longevity of a 

 tree, whether made in spring, just before midsummer, in fall or win- 

 ter, we do not believe. In pruning an old tree, long neglected, 

 where it is requisite to cut away many large branches, attention to the 

 circulation of sap, the new formation of wood, &c., &c., should, b,y 

 all means, be the guide. Experience, as well as theory, teaches, 

 that the most healthy formation of wood commences in July ; that 

 all growth previous is imperfect, and, were it not for that and ensu- 

 ing months, would rapidly decay ; that while wood is not made as 

 rapidly at that time, and afterward, as previous, it is of a firmer, 

 closer, and more healthy character. If, therefore, large limbs are to 

 be removed, let the time from July to September, inclusive, be se- 

 lected. A subject so liberally treated upon as this has been, from 

 the earliest authors down, it would seem should be better understood 

 than appears from the quantity of ill-shapen, malformed trees, to be 

 seen in almost every orchard. Barry says : 



" It is not only necessary to know what and why, but also how 

 to prune. Theory is only useful as it serves to guide in practice. 



The great point to be observed in making incisions on the stems 

 and branches of trees, is to provide for the speedy and perfect heal- 

 ing of the wounds or cut surfaces. In removing a portion of a branch 

 or stem, if we cut between two joints, and thus leave a portion of 



wood above the bud 

 intended to be cut to, 

 as in fig. 18, this wood 

 dies, and we have the 

 trouble of another 

 pruning to remove it. 

 If we cut too close to 

 the bud, and thus re- 

 move a portion of the 

 wood with which it is 

 connected, as in fig. 

 19, the bud will either 

 die or disappoint us 



19 



21 



20 



FIGS. TO PRUNING. % - - 



Fig. 18, cutting too far above the bud. Fig. 19, cutting too by producing a very 



close. Fig. 20, the cut as it should be. Fig. 21, re- f AA ui p o-rnwth Thp 



moval of a branch, the cross line indicating the proper 



place for the cut. proper way is to take 



the branch to be operated on in the left hand, place the edge of the 



