ELM LEAF BEETLE AND WHITE-MARKED TUSSOCK MOTH II 



deservedly favorites for shade and park trees, may well give 

 way in part at least to other desirable, species, such as the Nor- 

 way maple, an excellent tree in many ways and practically free 

 from the insect pests so injurious to the sugar and the white or 

 silver maple. The last named has been extensively used in 

 many localities, and though brittle and liable to injury by wind 

 and ice, usually keeps in excellent condition for a number of 

 years. The red maple is also a valuable tree. The American 

 basswood or linden, the horsechestnut, the European plane tree 

 or buttonwood, the American ash and oaks, especially the pin 

 oak, red oak and scarlet oak should be set more freely. The 

 Ailanthus (pistillate trees) and the Carolina poplar, though pos- 

 sessing serious drawbacks, are desirable under certain condi- 

 tions. This diversified planting would admit the use of one 

 species on a street, and if adjacent streets were set with differ- 

 ent varieties, such an arrangement would go far toward reduc- 

 ing the possibility of extended outbreaks by injurious insects or 

 fungous diseases. 



The proper care of trees, including judicious selection so as to 

 secure the best adaptation to local conditions, is an important 

 factor in forestalling insect ravages. Trees in full vigor are 

 better able to sustain injury and are usually less troubled by in- 

 sects than those in a debilitated condition. Certain progressive 

 communities have already recognized this need and have met it 

 in a more or less satisfactory manner. The city of Newark, 

 N. J., with a population of 347,469, expends for tree work (which 

 latter is separate from park work) about $27,000 a year, $6000 

 of this being for pruning, $6000 for spraying and $15,000 for 

 setting out new trees, maintenance etc. East Orange, N. J., 

 with a population of only 34,371, expended in 1909 over $10,000 

 through its shade tree commission, $1200 of this being a special 

 appropriation for spraying elms. The city of Buffalo has re- 

 cently placed the care of its trees in the hands of a forester and 

 there is no reason why other communities should not adopt 

 equally comprehensive measures. Spraying alone is not suffi- 

 cient. There should be wise planting, judicious pruning and 

 liberal fertilization whenever necessary. 



Remedial measures. The secret in controlling this insect lies 

 in understanding thoroughly its life history and appreciating 

 the vulnerable points. A thorough spraying with a poison early 

 in the spring, when the leaves are half out or larger, is most 



