132 



SCIENCE OF GARDENING. 



PART II. 



CLASS VIII. OctnnJnn. Stamens S. Orders 4. 



1. Mtmu^'/iiiti. A very various and rich order, consisting of 

 the well known Ti'twrttlunt, or Nasturtium, wliose original 

 Latin name, given from the flavor of the plant, like garden- 

 cresses, is now become its English one in every body's mouth. 

 The elegant and fanciful Linnqean appellation, equivalent to 

 a trophy vlitnf, alludes to its use for decorating bowers, and 

 the resemblance of its peltate leaves to shields, as well as 

 of its flowers to golden helmets, pierced through and 

 through, and stained with blood. EpUobium, with its allies, 

 makes a beautiful part of this order ; but above all are con- 

 spicuous the favorite Fuchsia, the American genus Vacci- 

 nium ; the immense and most elegant genus Erica, so 

 abundant in southern Africa, but not known in America ; 

 and the fragrant Daphne, of which last the Levant possesses 

 many charming species. It contains of Gerania; t Tropaeo- 

 lum ; of Melasiomacem, Osbeckia, Rhexia ; of Onagraria:, 

 *(Enothera, Gaura, *Epilobium; of Salicaria, Griilea, 

 Lawsonia; of Melanthacus, Roxburghia; of Tremandrea-, 

 Tetratheca; of Myrtacete, Jambolifera; of Diosmeae, 

 Corraea, Boronia ; of Sat/otae, Mimusops ; of Sapindi, 

 Ornitrophe, Dime-carpus, Melicocca, Blighia, Ephielis, Koel- 

 reuteria? of MMa, Guarea; of Terebintacett, Amyris; Do- 

 donaea ? of Aurantits, Ximenia; of Santalacete, Fuchsia, 

 Memecylon ; of Myrtaceie, Baeckia; of Gentianece, *Chlora; of 

 Campanulacetje, Michauxia ; of Papaveracece, Jeffersonia ; of 

 Ericetf, *Oxycoccus, Calluna, * Erica ; of Rhodoracea:, *Men- 

 ziesia; of Thymelece, Lagetta, *Daphne, Dirca, Gnidia, SteU 

 lera, Passerina, Lachntea. 41 Gen. 163 Sp. 



2. Digynia has a few plants, but little known ; among them 

 are Galena africana, and Moehringia muscosa. The former 

 belongs to Cfunopodete, and the latter to Caryopkylltxe. 

 2 Gen. 2 Sp. 



3. Trigyrda. Polygonum is a genus whose species differ in 

 the number of their stamens and styles, and yet none can 

 be more natural. Here therefore the Linnaean system claims 

 our indulgence. Paullinia and Cardiosptrmum are more con- 

 stant. It contains of Polygons, *Po!ygonum, Coccoloba; 

 of Sapindi, Paullinia, Seriana, Cardiobpermum, Sapindus. 



6 Gen. 50 Sp. 



4. Tetragynia. Here we find the curious Part* and Adoxa. 

 It contains of Sempervirif, Calanehoe, Bryophyllum ; of 

 Smilaceas, *Paris ; of Saj'ifragea; *Adoxa ; of Caryophyllecs, 

 Elatine ; of Onagraritf, Haloragis ; of Urticea, Forskohlea. 



7 Gen. 10 S P . 



CLASS IX. Enneandria. Stamens 9. Orders 3. 



1. aonogyma. Here we find the precious genus Laurus, in- 



cluding the Cinnamon, Bay, Sassafras, Camphor, and many 

 other noble plants. It contains of Laurinte, Laurus ; of 

 Terebintacete, Anacardium ; of Polygonea, Eriogonum. 

 3 Gen. 20 Sp. 



2. Trigyma. It contains of Polygonta, Rheum. 1 Gen. 



3. Hexagyma. Containing of Butomea, * Butomus. 1 Gen. 

 1 Sp. 



CLASS X. Decandria. Stamens 10. Orders 5. 



1. Monogynia. A numerous and fine assemblage, beginning 

 with a tribe of flowers more or less correctly papilionaceous 

 and leguminous. It contains of Leguminoste, Edwardsia, 

 Sophora, Ormosia, Anagyris, Thermopsis, Virgilia, Cyclopia, 

 Baptisia, Podalyria, Cnorizema, Podolobium, Oxylobium, 

 Callistachys, Brachysema, Gompholobium, Burtonia, Jack- 

 sonia, Viminaria, Sphserolobium, Aotus, Dillwynia, Eutaxia, 

 Sclerothamnus, Gastrolobium, Euchilus, Pultenaea, Davie- 

 sia, Mirbelia, Cercis, Bauhinia, Hymenasa, Cynometra, 

 Cassia, Cathartocarpus, Parkinsonia, Poinciana, Caesalpinia, 

 Guilandina, Hyperanthera, Hoffmanseggia, Adenanthera, 

 Cadia, Prosopis, Hsematoxylon, Copaifera, Scholia ; of Ru- 

 tacece, Guaiacum, Zygophyllum, Fagonia, Tribulus, Dictam- 

 nus. Ruta ; ofDiotmea Crowea; of Solanacete, Codon; of 

 Ertcea, Monotropa ; of Droieracete, Dionrca ; of ......... 



Garuga ; of Samydes, Samyda ; of Guttifera, Gomphia ; of 

 Magnolia; f Quassia; ofAurantia, Limonia, Murray a, Cookia; 

 of Malpightacea, Gffirtnera; of Melim, Trichilia, Ekebergia, 

 Heynea, Melia, Swietenia; of Oiuigrariie, Jussieua; of Com- 

 bretacea:, Getonia, Quisqualis ; of Thymelece, Dais ; of M ela- 

 *fom;,Melastoma; ofSalicarte, Acisanthera; of RJwdora- 

 cea, Kalmia, Ledum, Rhodora, *Rhododendron, Epigsea; 

 of Ericete, *Vaccinium, *Andromeda, Enkianthus, Gaul- 

 theria, *Arbutus, Clethra, Mylocaryum, *Pyrola, Chima- 

 phila ; of Santalacea-, Bucida ; of Sapotete t Inocarpus ; of 

 Ebenacete, Styrax. 92 Gen. 443 Sp. 



2. Digynia. Here we find Saxifraga, remarkable for having 

 the germen inferior, half inferior, and superior, in different 

 species. It contains of Ebenaoeit, Royena ; of Portulacece, 

 Trianthema, Scleranthus; of Cunoniacetr, Cunonia; of Sam- 

 frageie, Hydrangea, * Chrysosplenium, * Saxifraga, Tiarella, 



Mitella; of Caryophyllete, Gypsophila, *Saponaria, *Di- 

 anthus. 12 Gen. 1130 Sp. 



3. Trigyrda. Contains of Caryophyllete, * Cucubalus, * Silene, 

 *Steilaria, *Arenaria, *Cherleria; of Pol^onete, Brun- 

 nichia ; of Ranunculacea, Garidella ; of Malpighiacas, Mal- 

 pighia, Banisteria ? 9 Gen. 158 Sp. 



4. Pentagyrda. Containing of Terebintacea f Averrhoa; Spon- 

 dias ; of Semperviva, * Cotyledon, * Sedum, Penthorum ; 

 of Gtraida 1 Grielum, * Oxalis ; of Caryophyllete, 

 * Agrostemma, * Lychnis, * Cerastium, * Spergula. 1 Gen. 



6. Decaeynia. Containing of Chenopodea, Phytolacca. 11 Gen. 

 164 Sp. 



CLASS XI. Dodecandria. Stamens 12 to 19. Orders 6. 



1. Monogynia. A rather numerous and very various order, 

 with scarcely any natural affinity between the genera. Some 

 of them have twelve, others fifteen or more stamens, which 

 should be mentioned in their characters. It contains of- 

 Arutolochia, * Asarum ; of Papaveracee, Bocconia ; of Sa- 

 poictr, Bassia ; of Melastomacete, Blakea ; of Rliodoraceir, Be- 

 jaria; of Gutttfera;, Garcinia ; of Ebenacea:, Halesia ; of 

 Myrtacex, Decumaria ; of Rhamnete, Aristotelia; of Melne, 

 Canella ; of Capparideae, Crataeva ; of Tiliaccte, Triumfetta ; 

 of Rutaceie, Peganum ; of Ericeas t Hudsonia ; of Ficotdete, 

 Nitraria; of fortulaceif, Portulaca, Talinum, Anacamp- 

 seros ; of Saticariat, * Lythrum, Cuphea ; of Malvaceae, 

 Kleinhofia. 22 Gen. 54 Sp. 



3. T 



2. Digynia. Containing of Cuncmiaceee, Callicoma ; of T//'-,rw, 

 Hehocarpus; of Rosuceir, *Agrimonia. 3 Gen. 8 Sp. 



Containing of C,ip,,aridea;t * Reseda; of Eu- 

 -, * Euphorbia; of tibenaceae, Visnea. 3 Gen. 

 Sp. 



4. Tetragynia. Containing of Polygonetf, Calligonum. 1 Gen. 



5. Pentagyma. Containing of Ficoidece, Glinus. 1 Gen. 1 Sp. 



6. Dodecagyma. Containing of Sempervivce, *Sempervivum. 

 1 Gen. 17 Sp. 



CLASS XII. Icotandria. Stamens 20 or more, inserted into 

 the Calyx. Orders 3. 



1. Monogynia consists of fine trees, bearing for the most part 

 stone-fruits, as the Peach, Plum, Cherry, &c. though the 

 leaves and other parts are bitter, acrid, and sometimes very 

 dangerous, owing to a peculiar essential oil, known by its 

 bitter-almond flavor. The Myrtle tribe, so plentiful in New 

 Holland, is another natural order, comprehended chiefly 

 under Icosandria Monogynia, abounding in a fragrant ami 

 wholesome aromatic oil. It contains of Cacti, Cactus, 

 Rhipsalis; of Loatetr, Bartonia ; of Myrtacep, Philadelphus, 

 Leptospermum, Fabricia, Metrosiderbs, Psidium, Kuji-niii, 

 Caryophyllus, Myrtus, Calyptranthes, Eucalyptus, Punica ; 

 of Rosacetp, Amygdalus, *Prunus, Armeniaca, Chryso- 

 balanus. 18 Gen. 178 Sp. 



2. Di-Pentagynia. In this order it is most convenient to in- 

 clude such plants as have from two to five styles, and 

 occasionally, from accidental luxuriance only, one or two 

 more. Pyru* is an example of it. Spirtea stands here, 

 most of its species having five styles, though some have a 

 much greater number. Here is Mfsembryanthtmum, a vast 

 and brilliant exotic genus, of a succulent habit, abound- 

 ing in alkaline salt. It contains of Rosacea, Waldsteinia, 

 * Mespilus, * Pyrus, * Cydonia, * Spiraea ; of FiaiidetF, 

 Sesuvium, Tetragonia, Mesembryanthemum, Aizoon. 9 

 Gen. 303 Sp. 



3. Polygynia. An entirely natural order of genuine Rosaceous 

 flowers. Here we find Rosa, Rubus, Fragaria, Poteniilli,, 

 Tormentilla, Geum, Dryas, and Comarum, all elegant plants, 

 agreeing in the astringent qualities of their roots, bark and 

 foliage, and in their generally eatable, always innocent fruit. 



The vegetable kingdom does not afford a 



satisfactory 



example of a natural order, composed of natural genera, 

 than this ; and Linnaeus has well illustrated it in the Flora 

 Lapponica It contains of Rosaces, *Rosa, *Rubus, Dali- 

 barda, *Fragaria, *Comarum, *Potentilla, *Tormentilla, 

 *Geum, *Dryas, Calycanthus. 10 Gen. 240 Sp. 



CLASS XIII. Polyandria. Stamens numerous, inserted into 

 the Receptacle. Orders 5. 



1. lUonogynia. The genera of this order form a numerous 

 and various assemblage of handsome plants, but many are 

 of a suspected quality. Among them are the Poppv, the 

 Caper-shrub, the Sanguinaria caiutdenjiis, remarkable for its 

 orange juice, like our Celandine; also the beautiful genus 

 Cittua, with its copious but short-lived flowers, some of 

 which have irritable stamens; and the splendid aquatic 

 tribe of Nymphaea. It contains of Capparidex, Capparis ; 

 Marcgravia ? of Raminculacea?, *Acta;a ; of Pavareruceie, 

 Sanguinaria, Podophyllum, * Chelidomum, *Glaucium, 



*Papaver, Argemone ; of Sarracenia ; of 



NympfiaacciE, *Nymphaea, Nuphar, Euryale ; of Tiliuceiv, 

 Bixa, Sloanea, Aubletia, Sparmannia, Muntingia, Grewia, 

 *Tilia, Corchorus; of Guttifertf, Grias, Calophyllum, Mam- 

 mea, Ochna, Elaeocarpus; of JUyrtaceie, Alangium ; of Lo 

 asete, Mentzelia ; of Salicaria, Lagerstrcemia ; of Aitranlia; 

 Mele ; of Cisti, Cistus, *Helianthemum. 32 Gen. 161 Sp. 



2. Digynia. Containing of Bunoniacece , Bauera ; of Ameniam,-, 

 Fothergilla ; of Magnolia t Curatella ; of Ranunculacea-, 

 Paeonia. 4 Gen. 21 Sp. 



3. Trigyrda. Containing of Dilleniacus, Hibbertia ; of Ranun- 

 cidacea, *Delphinium, Aconitum. 3 Gen. 36 Sp. 



4. Pentagynia. Containing of Ranunculacett, Cimicifuga, 

 *Aquilegia, Nigella; of Ficoidcte, Reaumuria. 4 Gen. Is Sp. 



5. Polygynia. An order for the most part natural, compre- 

 hending some fine exotic trees, as Dillema. Liriodendron, the 

 Tulip-tree, the noble Magnolia, &o. To these succeed a 

 family of plants, either herbaceous or climbing, of great 

 elegance, but of acrid and dangerous qualities, as Anemone, 

 in a single state the most lovely, in a double one the most 

 splendid ornament of our parterres in the spring ; Atrageiie 

 and Clematis, so graceful for bowers; Thalictrum, Adonis, 

 Ranunculus, Trollius, Helleborus and Caltha, all conspicuous 

 in our gardens or meadows, which, with a few less familiar, 

 close this class. It contains of Nympha-acea, Nelumbium ; 

 of DiUeniacetz, Dillenia; Magnoliaceas, Liriodendron, Mag- 

 nolia, Michelia; of Annotut, Uvaria, Illicium, Annona, 

 Porcelia, Xylopia ; of Ranunculacea, *Hepatica, *Anemone, 



*Pulsatilla, Atragene, *Clematis, *Thalictrum, *Adonis, 

 Knowltonia, *Ficaria, *Ranunculus, *TroIlius, Isopymin, 

 Eranthis, *Helleborus, Coptis, *Caltha, Hydropeltis, ~ 

 drastis. 28 Gen. 185 Sp. 



Hy- 



CLASS XIV. Didynanda. Stamens 2 long and 2 short. Or- 

 ders 2, each on the whole very natural. 



1. Gymnotperrnia. Seeds naked, in the bottom of the calyx, 

 four, except in Phryma, which has a solitary seed. Corolla 

 monopetalous and irregular, a little inflated at the base, and 

 holding honey, without any particular nectary. Stamens in 

 two pairs, incurved, with the style between them, so that 

 the impregnation rarely fails. The plants of this order are 

 mostly aromatic, and none, we believe, poisonous. The 

 calyx is either in five nearly equal segments, or two-lipped. 

 Most of the genera afford excellent essential characters, 

 taken frequently from the corolla, or from some other part. 

 It contains of Labiate, *Ajuga, Anisomeles, *Teucnum, 

 Westringia, Satureja, Thvmbra, Hyssopus, Pycnanthemum, 

 *Nepeta, Elsholtzia, Lavandula," SicUm-,' livstropogon, 

 *Mentha, Perilla, Hyptis, Lepechinia, *Glechoma, *La- 

 mium, *Galeopsis, *Galeobdolon, * Betonica, * Stachvs, 

 *Ballota, *Marrubium, *Leonurus, Phlomis, Leucas, Le- 

 onotis, Moluccella, *Clinopodium, *(h-iganum, *Thymtis, 

 Acynos, Calamintha, Melissa, Dracocephalum, *Melittis, 

 Ocymum, Plectranthus, Trichostema, Prostanthera, *Scu- 

 tellaria, *Prunella, Cleonia, Prasium, Phryma; of Verlx- 

 benacex, Selago. 48 Gen. 279 Sp. 



