134 



SCIENCE OF GARDENING. 



PART II. 



It contains of CorymH_ftra>, *Tanncotum, *Artemisis, 

 *Gnaphaliuin, Xeranttiemum, Eliciivy.uin.Carpesiuin, Bac- 

 charis, *Cony/a, Madia, *EriKeron, *Tussilago, *Seiiecio, 

 *Aster, *Solidago, *Cineraria, *Inula, Grindelia.Todolepis, 

 Arnica, Doronicum, Perdirium, TetragonGtheca, Ximenesia, 

 Helenium, *Bellis, 'Bellium, Dahlia, Tagetes, Heterosper- 

 mum, Schkuhria, Pectii, Levsera, Ilelhania, Zinnia, *Chry- 

 Banthemum, *Pyrethrum, *Mricaria, Boltonia, Lidbeckia, 

 Cenia, Cotula, Grangee, Anacyclus, *Antheous, Sanvitalia, 

 *Achillea, Balbisia, Amellus, Starkea, Eclipta, Chrysan- 

 thellum, Siegesbeckia, Verbesina. Synedrella, Galinsogea, 

 Acmella, Zaluzania, Pascalia, Heliopsis, Buphthalmum. 

 60 Gen. 673 Sp. 



3. Polvgamiafrustanea. Florets of the disk, as in the preceding, 

 perfect or united ; those of the margin neuter, or destitute of 

 pistils as well as of stamens ; only some few genera having the 

 rudiments of pistils in their radiant florets. This order is, 

 still more evidently than the last, analogous to double flowers 



of other classes It contains of Corymbifera, Helianthus, 



Galardia, Rudbeckia, Cosmea, Coreopsis, Osmites, Pallasia, 

 Sclerocarpus, Cullumia, Berckheya, Didelta, Gorteria, Ga- 

 zania, Crvptostemma, Arctotheca, Sphenogyne; ofCynaro- 

 cephala:, Z"cEgea, *Centaurea, Galactites. 19 Gen. 177 Sp. 



4. Polygamia necessaria. Florets of the disk furnished with 

 stamens only; those of the margin or radius, only with pistils ; 

 so that both" are necessary to each other. It contains of Co- 

 nmhifera, Milleria, Flaveria, Baltimora, Silphium, Alcina, 

 Polymnia, Melampodium, Chaptalia, Calendula, Arctotis, 

 Osteospermum, Othonna, Hippia, Gymnostyles, Psiadia, 

 Eriocephalus, Filago, Micropus, Parthonium, Iva. 20 Gen. 

 100 Sp. 



6. Polygamia segregata. Several flowers, either simple or com- 

 pound, but with united tubular anthers, and with a partial 

 calyx, all included in one general calyx. It contains of Co- 

 rumbiferat, Elephantopus, (Edera, Stot:be, Nauenburgia; of 

 Cynarocephalff ? Sphteranthus, Echinops, Rolandra, Brotera, 

 Gundelia. 10 Gen. 17 Sp. 



CLASS XX. Gynandria. Stamens inserted either upon the 



style or germen. Orders 3. 



1. Monandria. Stamen, or sessile anther, one only. It con - 



, *Hermi- 



Disperis, Goodyera, Neottia, Fonthieva, 

 is, Thelymitra, *Listera, Epipactis, Pogonia, Caladenia, 

 Glossodia, Pterostylis, Caleya, Calopogon, Arethusa, Bletia, 

 Geodorum, Calypso, Malays, Corallorrhiza, Isochilus, Or- 

 nithidium, Stelis, Pleurothallis, Octomeria, Aerides, Cryptar- 

 rhena, Dendrobium, Gomesa, Cymbidium, Brassia, Onci- 

 dium, Cyrtopodium, Brassavola, Broughtonia, Epidendrum, 

 Vanilla. 48 Gen. 122 Sp. 



2. Diandria. Containing of Orchidete, *Cypripedium ; of Styli- 

 dea, Stylidium ; of Urticeie f Gunnera. 3 Gen. 10 Sp. 



3. Hexandria. Containing of Aristoluchite, * Aristolochia. 

 IGen. 19 Sp. 



CLASS XXI. Monacia. Stamens and pistils in separate flowers, 

 but both growing on the same individual plant. Orders 9. 



1. Monandna. Contains of Naiades, Zar.nichellia, *Chara ; of 

 Chenopodete, Ceratocarpus ; of Vrticae, Artocarpus ; ofCasuu- 

 rinete, Casuarina. 5 Gfen. 16 Sp. 



2. Diandria. Contains of Cucurbitacea, Anguria; of Naiades, 

 *Lemna. 2 Gen. 5 Sp. 



3. Triandria. Contains of Typhinte, *Typha, *Sparganium ; 

 of Grarmnea, Zea, Tripsacum, Coix, Olyra; ofCyperacea, 

 *Carex ; of Amentacea;, Comptonia ; of Chenopodea, Axyris ; 

 of Euphorbiacea:, Tragia; of Laurina, Hernandia. 11 Gen. 



Empleurum; of Onagrarws, Serpicula; of Plaidaginete, *Lit- 

 torella; of Amentacea, *Alnns; of Euphorbiacea, Cicca, 

 *Buxus, Pachysandra; of Cfienopodete, Biotis; of Urticete, 

 *Urtica, Boehmeria, Morus. 12 Gen. 41 Sp. 

 b. Pentandria. Contains of Meidspermete f Schisandra; ofCorym- 

 biferaf Nephelium, Xanthium, Ambrosia, Franseria ; Cucur- 

 bitaceas, Lutfa; Amaranthacea, Amaranthus. 7 Gen. 4&Sp. 



6. Hexandria. Contains of Graminete, Zizania, Pharus ; of Ru- 

 biaceie, Guettarda ; of Palme, Cocos, Bactris, Elate, Sagus. 

 7 Gen. 11 Sp. 



7. Polyandria. Stamens more than seven. Contains of Naiades, 

 *Ceratophyllum , *Myriophvllum ; of Alismacex, *Sagittaria ; 

 of Begoniacete, Begonia; of Euphorbiacea!, Acidoton ^ of Co- 



ans; 



^ f _ _ w Car- 



pinus76strya, *Corylus,' Platanus, Liquidam'bar ; of Ariodea, 

 *Arum, Caladium ; of Palnur, Caryota. 22 Gen. 189 Sp. 



8. Monadelphia. Contains of Palma, Areca; of Comjerce, 



?hylla 



Aieurites,"Hural ofstercutuicea, S'tercul'ia; of Malpighidcae, 

 Heretiera; of Cucurbitacete, Trichosanthes, Momordica, Cu- 

 curbita, Cucumls, *Bryonia, Sicyos. 26 Gen. 158 Sp. 

 9 Gynandria. Contains of Euphorbiacea, Andrachne. 1 Gen. 

 iSp. 



CLASS XXII. Dutcia. Stamens and pistils in separate flowers, 

 situated on two separate plants. Orders 1 3. 



1. Monandria. Contains of Pandanex, Pandanus. 1 G.en. 



2. Diandria. Contains of Urticete, Cecropia; of Ameiiiacea, 

 *Salix; of Euphorbiacea!, Borya. 3Gen. 87 Sp. 



3. Triandria. 'Contains of Ericece f *Empetrum; of Terebinta- 

 cae.Stilago; ofSantalacea:? Osyris; of Rcsiiacm, Willdenovia, 

 Restio, Elegia; of Palme, Phoenix. 7 Gen. 12 Sp. 



4. Tetrandia. Contains of Rubiacae, Anthospermum ; of 



Trophis, Schsefferia, Picramnia ; ofTerebtntacea:, Antidesma ; 

 ofOnagraria, Montinia; of Lorantliacea;, *Viscum; of Tere- 

 hintacea, Brucea; afUrticrte, Broussonetia ; of Elaagm, Hip- 

 pophffi; of Amentacea, *Myrica; of Proteacof, Aulax, Leuco- 

 dendron. 13 Gen. 46 Sp. 



5. Pentandria. Contains of Terebintacea:, Pistacia, Zanthoxy- 

 lum ; ofEufhorbincea, Securinega ; of Amaranthacea, Iresine ; 

 of Chenopadetf, *Spinacia, Acnida; of Urticete, *Cannabis, 

 *Humulus. 8 Gen. 18 Sp. 



0. Hexandria. Contains of Smilacetf, Smilax; *Tamus? of 



Diosmrina, Rajania, Dioscorea ; of KI-enaeeitMaton ; otPalma, 

 Elais, Chamn-dorea, Borassus. 8 Gen. 36 Sp. 



7. Octandria. Stamens H. Contains of Ameniacete, *Populus ; 

 of Sempervivce, *Khodjola. 2 Gen. 15 Sp. 



8. Emwandria. Stamens 9. Contains of Eupliarhiacea, *Mer 

 curialis; of HydntcharMea;, *Hydrccharis. 2 Gen. 6 Sp. 



9. Decaiuiria. Stamens 10. Contains of Cucurbitactcr t Carica ; 

 of LeguminosK, Gymnocladus; of Euphorbiaeeac, Kiggelaria; 

 of Tereliintacetc, Schinus ; of ......... Coriaria. r> (Jen. 9 Sp. 



10. Dodccandria. Stamens 11. Contains of BydrodtarUea, 

 *Stratiotes; of BufflOrbiacat, Hyeenanche; of Terebintacea, 

 Euclea, Datisca; of Meia.tpermca~, IMenispermuni, Cocculus, 

 6 Gen. la Sp. 



11. Icosandria. Stamens 12. Contains of Tiliacece, Flacourtia; 

 of .......... Gelonium, Rottlera. 3 Gen. 6 Sp. 



12. Polyandria. Stamens numerous. Contains of .......... 



Trewia; of Ebtnactis, Embryopteris; of Roiucea; Cliffbrtia; 

 of Cycculca?, Cycas, Zamia. 5 Gen. 26 Sp. 



13. MunadelpMu. Stamens united. Contains of Conifers, 

 Araucaria, *Juniperus, *Taxus, *Ephedra ; of 31 e nispermae, 

 Cissampelos ; of Euphorbiacea, Exccecaria, Adelia ; of ........ 



Loureira, Nepenthes ; of Myristicece, Myristica; of Smilacea: f 

 *Ruscus; of P:ilma; Latania. 12 Gen. 40 Sp. 



14. Gynaiulria. Stamens inserted in the style. Contains of 

 Eup/wrbiacece, Cluytia. 1 Gen. 8 Sp. 



CLASS XXIII. Polygamia. Stamens and pistils separate in 

 some flowers, united in others, either on the same plant or on 

 two or three distinct ones ; such difference in the essential 

 organs being moreover accompanied with a diversity in the 

 accessory parts of the flowers. Orders 2. 



1. Slotuxcia. United flowers accompanied with barren or fer- 

 tile, or both, all on one plant. It contains ofMusaceie, Musa ; 

 ofiUf/an</mrra',Veratrum ; of Graminea, Andropogon, Chloris, 

 Penicillaria, Sorghum, *Holcus, Ischamum, JSgilope, Mani- 

 suris; of Rttlnacete, Valantia; of Urticece, *Parietaria ; of 

 Chenopodea; * A triplex, Rhagodia; of Combretaceie, Termina- 

 lia; of Santtilucea:, Fusanus; of Proteacecf, Brabejum; of 

 .......... Feronia; of Terebintacea, Ailanthus; atGvttytm, 



Clusia ; of Apocynea-, Ophioxylon ; of Acerinas, * Acer ; of 

 Amentacea, Celtis; of R/tamni? Gouania; of UnMliferte, 

 Hernias; of Leguminosa; In-;'., .Mum^n, Schrankia, Desman- 

 thus, Acacia; of Palmte, Rhapis. 31 Gen. 204 Sp. 



2. Duma. The different flowers on two different plants. 

 Contains of Leguminous, Gleditschia, Ceratonia ; of Oleina, 

 *Fraxinus ; of .......... Brosimum ; of Tcreliintame, Hamil- 



tonia ; of .......... Laurophyllus ; of Ebenacea;, Uiospyros ; 



of Myrsinea, Myrsine; of Santitlacea: t Nyssa; cfTtrebiraatai. 

 Bursera; of Umbcllifera 1 Arctopus; of Araliic, Panax; of 

 Vrticeos, Ficus; ofPalmie, Chamserops. 14 Gen. 76 Sp. 



CLAPS XXIV. Cryvtogamia. Stamens and pistils either not 

 well ascertained, or not to be numbered with any certainty. 

 Orders 10. 



1. Gonopterides. Fructification in a terminal catkin. Contains 

 of Equisctacea, *Equisetum. 1 Gen. 7 Sp. 



2. Stachyopteridct. Fructification in a spike. Contains of Ly- 

 copodinex, *Lycopodium, Psilotum; of Filicet, *Ophioglds- 

 sum, *Botrychium. 4 Gen. 18 Sp. 



3. Pororteridet. Capsules opening by a pore. Contains of Fi- 

 lices, Marattia. 1 Gen. 1 Sp. 



4. Filicet. Fructification on the back, summit, or near the 

 base of the frond This order contains ofFilices, Acrosti- 

 chum, Hemionitis, Meniscium, Grammitis, *Polypodium, 

 *Woodsia, Nephrodium, Allantodia, *Aspidium, *Asple- 

 nium, *Scolopendrium, Diplazium, *Pteris, Vittaria, Ono- 

 clea,*Blechnum, Woodwardia, Doodia, *Adiantum, Cheil- 

 anthes, Lonchitis, Davallia, Dicksonia, Cyathea, *Tricho- 

 maiies, *Hymenophyllum. 26 Gen. 150 Sp. 



5. Hydropterides. Fructification nearly radical. Contains of 

 Marsileaceie, *Isoetes, *Pilularia. 2 Gen. 2 Sp. 



6. Schitmatopteridei. Fructification in branched spikes. Con- 

 tains ofFilices, Lygodium, Anemia, *Osmunda. 3 Gen. 9 Sp. 



7. Musti. Mosses. These are really herbs with distinct leaved, 

 and freguently as distinct a stem. It contains of the natural 

 order 01 the same name, and described in Smith's Flora Bri- 

 tannica, *Andraea, *Bartramia, *Br)'um, *Buxbaumia, 

 *Encal)-pta, *Fontinalis, *Funaria, *Grimmia, *Gymnosto- 



Neckera, *Ortho- 



, , , l'terogonium, Sphag- 



*Splachnum, *Tetraphis, *Tortula, *Trichosto- 

 mum, and numerous others, amounting by estimateto 460 Sp. 

 (See Turner's Historia Muscorum.) 



8. Hepatiae. Liverworts. Of these the herbage is commonly 

 frondose, the fructification originating from what is at the 

 same time both leaf and stem. This character, however, 

 proves less absolute than one founded on their capsules, which 

 differ essentially from those of the preceding order in having 

 nothing like a lid or operculum. The corolla, or veil, of some 

 of the jjenera is like that of Mosses, but usually bursts at the 

 top. The barren flowers in some are similar to the stamens 

 of the last-mentioned plants, as in Jungcrmannia (see Hooker's 

 Monograph of this genus) ; in others they are of some peculiar 

 conformation, as in Marchantia, where they are imbedded in 

 a disk like the seeds of lichens, in a manner so contrary to all 

 analogy, that botanists can scarcely agree which are the barren 

 and which the fertile flowers of this genus. Linnaeus com- 

 prehended this order under the following one, to which, 

 says Sir J. E. Smith, it is most assuredly far less akin than to 

 the foregoing. British species estimated at 85. 



9. Alga. Flags. In this order the herbage is frondose, some- 

 times a mere crust, sometimes of a leathery or gelatinous tex- 

 ture. The seeds are imbedded, either in the frond itself, or in 

 some peculiar receptacle. The barren flowers are but im- 

 perfectly known. The aquatic or submersed y%rform a dis- 

 tinct and peculiar tribe. Some of these abound in fresh w ater, 

 others in the sea, whence the latter are commonly denomin- 

 ated sea-weeds. British species 18. 



10. Lichcnes. Herbage frondose and leathery ; seeds generally 

 in the frond. This order was included by Linna'us under the 

 former one. Estimated number of British species 573. 



11. Fungi. Mushrooms. These cannot properly be said to 

 have any herbage. Their substance is fleshy, generally of 

 quick growth and short duration, differing in firmness, from 

 a watery pulp to a leathery or even woody texture. By some 

 naturalists they have been thought of an animal nature, clm-lly 

 because of their foetid scent in decay, and because little white 



mum, *Hookeria, *Hypnum, *Mnium, * 

 trichum, *Phascum, *Polytrichum, *l'te 



