BOOK IV. 



TRANSFERRING DESIGNS OF GARDENS. 



371 



in foliage (/), or to show the form of the trunk and branches (g), or merely to give a 

 rude idea of a tree (c). Hedge-rows, whether with or without trees, are either shown in 

 elevation or profile (Ii), or in vertical profile or bird's-eye view (/'). They may be de- 

 lineated either in skeleton or foliage. Buildings may be shown either in general .plan (&), 

 detailed plan (/), vertical profile of the roof (m), elevation (n), perspective view (o) ; or a 

 plan may be given (;>), and a diagonal elevation (y) taken and placed opposite the .plan 

 in the margin of the map. A pictorial surveyor, who understands perspective, and is 

 desirous of conveying a correct idea of the subject he is to measure and delineate, will 

 readily find expedients for attaining success. 



1 905. In portraying the general surface of land-estates, different modes have been 

 adopted by modern land-surveyors. The first we shall mention is the old mode of giving 

 what may be called the ground-lines only ; as of roads, fences, water-courses, situations of 

 buildings and trees. (Jig- 351.) This mode has no other pretensions than that of accuracy 

 of dimensions, and can give few ideas to a stranger who has not seen the property, beside 

 those of its contents and general outline. 



351 352 



1 906. In the second, elevations of the objects are added to these lines ; but which, in 

 crowded parts, tend much to obscure them. (Jig. 352.) This mode is perhaps the best 

 calculated of any to give common observers a general notion of an estate ; more especially 

 if ably executed. Very frequently, however, this mode is attempted by artists ignorant 

 of the first principles of drawing, optics, or perspective, and without taste. 



1907. In the third, a vertical profile, or geometrical bird's-eye view, that is, a bird's-eye 

 view in which all the objects are laid down to a scale is presented. In this the upper sur- 

 face of every object is seen exactly as it would appear to an eye considerably elevated 

 above it, and looking centrically down on it. (Jig. 353.) This mode, properly executed, 



353 



