BOOK IV. BEAUTY AND ORDER OF GARDEN-SCENERY. 453 



is considered under the charge of the gardener, keep a vigilant look out for weeds, de- 

 cayed leaves, or any other deformity, and remove them, or some of them, in passing 

 along. Attend to this particularly on walks, edgings, and in passing through hot- 

 houses, &c. In liks manner take off insects, or leaves infected by them. Much in large 

 as well as in small gardens may be effected by this sort of timely or preventive attention, 

 which induces suitable habits for a young gardener, and occupies very little time. 



2367. In gathering a crap or any part of a crop, remove at the same time the roots, leaves, 

 stems, or whatever else belonging to the plant of which you have cropped the desired part is of 

 no further use, or may appear slovenly, decaying, or offensive. In cutting cabbage, lettuce, 

 borecoles, &c. pull up the stem (with exceptions) and roots, and take them at once 

 with the outside leaves, to the compost-heap. Do the same with the haulm of potatoes, 

 leaves of turnips, carrots, celery, &c. Do not suffer the haulm of peas and beans to re- 

 main a moment after the last gathering of the crop. 



2368. Let no crop of fruit, or herbaceous vegetables, or any part thereof, go to 'waste on 

 the spot. Instantly remove it when decay or any symptom of disease appears, to the 

 compost-yard, or to be consumed by pigs or cattle. 



2369. Cut down the flower-stalks of all flowering plants, with the proper exceptions, the 

 moment they are fully done flowering, unless seed is an object. Cut off decayed roses, 

 and all decaying double flowers, with their foot-stalks, the moment they begin to decay ; 

 and the same of the single plants, where seed is not wanted. From May to October, the 

 flower-garden and shrubbery ought to be looked over by apprentices or women, every 

 day, as soon as the morning dews are evaporated, for this purpose, and for gathering 

 decayed leaves, tying up tall-growing stems before they decline or become strag- 

 gling, &c. 



2370. Keep every part of what is under your care perfect in its kind. Attend in sp'ring 

 and autumn to walls and buildings, and get them repaired, pointed, glazed and painted, 

 where wanted. Attend at all times to machines, implements, and tools, keeping them 

 clean, sharp, and in perfect repair. With an imperfect tool, no man can make perfect 

 work. See particularly that they are placed in their proper situations in the tool-house. 

 House every implement, utensil, or machine not in use, both in winter and summer. 

 Allow 710 blanks in edgings, rows, single specimens, drills, beds, and even where prac- 

 ticable in broad-cast sown pieces. Keep edgings and hedges cut to the utmost nicety. 

 Keep the shapes of your wall-trees filled with wood according to their kind, and let 

 their training be in the first style of perfection. Keep all walks in perfect form, whether 

 raised or flat, free from weeds, dry, and well rolled. Keep all the lawns under your 

 care, by all the means in your power, of a close texture, and dark-green velvet appear- 

 ance. Keep water clear and free from weeds, and, if possible, let not ponds, lakes, or arti- 

 ficial rivers, rise to the brim in winter, nor sink very far under it in summer. 



2371. Finally, attend to personal habits and to cleanliness. " Never perform any oper- 

 ation without gloves on your hands that you can do with gloves on ; even weeding is 

 far more effectually and expeditiously performed by gloves, the fore-fingers and thumbs 

 of which terminate in wedge-like thimbles of steel, kept sharp. Most other operations 

 may be performed with common gloves. Thus, no gardener need have hands like bears' 

 paws. Always use an iron tread fastened to your shoe when you dig ; and generally a 

 broad-brimmed, light, silk or straw hat, to serve at once as a parasol and umbrella. You 

 will thus save the use of your feet, lessen the wear of your shoes, and avoid the rheu- 

 matism in the neck. Let your dress be clean, neat, simple, and harmonious, in form 

 and color : in your movements maintain an erect posture, easy and free gait and mo- 

 tion ; let your manner be respectful and decorous to your superiors ; and conduct fair 

 and agreeable to your equals. Elevate, meliorate, and otherwise improve, any raw, 

 crude, harsh, or inharmonious features in your physiognomy, by looking often at the 

 faces of agreeable people, by occupying your mind with agreeable and useful ideas, and 

 by continually instructing yourself by reading. This also will give you features if you 

 have none. Remember that you are paid and maintained by and for the use and plea- 

 sure of your employer, who may no more wish to see a dirty, ragged, uncouth-looking, 

 grinning, or conceited biped in his garden, than a starved, haggand, untutored horse in 

 his stable." (Traugott Schwamstapjier.) 



2372. He who undertakes the profession of a gardener, says the Rev. W. Marshall, 

 takes upon himself a work of some importance, and which requires no small degree of 

 knowledge, ingenuity, and exertion, to perform well. There are few businesses which 

 may not he learned in much less time than that of a gardener can possibly be. It often 

 happens, however, that a man who has been very little in a garden, and that only as a 

 laborer, who can do little more than dig, or put out cabbage plants, will call himself a 

 gardener ; but he only is worthy of the name who having had much practice in the various 

 parts of horticulture, possesses a genius and adroitness, fitting him for making experi- 

 ments, and for getting through difficulties that the existing circumstances of untoward 

 seasons, &c. may bring him into. He should possess a spirit of enquiry into the nature 



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