BOOK III. 



FORMATION OF PLANTATIONS. 



953 



6857. With respect to the extent, or area, occupied by ornamental plantations, as such, 

 that need seldom be great. They are generally seen only in profile, and therefore a cir- 

 cuitous outline (Jig. 641. a.) may on most occasions be contrived to have the same effect 

 as planting a solid mass, which will occupy much more ground (6), show less exterior 



variety, and none within. The 

 t'e-ct * "" case * s Different, however, 

 $5- * * where the upper surface of a 

 9- I plantation is to be met by the 



reye, at a large angle, say up- 

 wards of 35. In that case, 

 to produce a grand and im- 

 posing effect, real extent is 

 wanting. Examples occur in 



.-=. > J ~ - \ i . ^^ <-#_ \ planting the steep sides of high 



^^o^L-^8L.Jfi. V hills, to be seen from below ; 



\.;r~- or valleys or plains to be seen 



from great elevations. It must be confessed that these are among 

 the grandest circumstances in which wood can be viewed ; pro- 

 files of outlines, varied both as respects the sky and the ground, are 

 beautiful and interesting ; and avenues and long rows of trees 

 form imposing perspectives ; but tlie side of a range of mountains 

 clothed with wood, seen at a certain distance, from a plain below or 

 opposite hills, is one of the most magnificent of rural prospects. 



6858. With respect to the dixj)osition of trees in a plantation 

 where art is avowed or purposely displayed, the more regularly the 

 plants arc placed the better is the end attained ; but, where na- 

 ture is to be imitated, irregularity will best sustain tlie character. 



This should be studied in the larger as well as the smaller plantations, in the natural 

 style ; but more especially in detached groups, which operate so powerful an effect 

 643 ^ ~ in laying out the grounds of a residence. The greatest beauty of a 



"4^ 1> ^ group of trees as far as respects their steins, is in the varied direc- 

 tion these take as they grow into trees (Jig. 642.) ; but as that is 

 for all practical purposes beyond the influence of art, all we can do is to vary as much 

 as possible the ground-plans of groups, or the relative position which the stems have 

 to each other, where they spring from the earth. _ 644 



This is considerable, even where a very few trees 

 are used, and of which any person may convince 

 himself by placing a few dots on paper. Thus, two trees (Jig. 643.), or a tree and 

 shrub, which is the smallest group, may be placed in three different positions with re- 



642 



ference to a spectator in a fixed point : if he moves round them they will first vary in 

 form separately, and next (at b) unite in one or in two groups, according to the position 

 of the spectator. In like manner three trees (Jig. 644.) may be placed in four different 



646 



positions; four trees may be placed in eight different positions (Jig. 645.); five 

 trees may be grouped in ten different ways as to ground-plan (Jig. 646.); six may 

 be placed in x twelve different positions (Jig. 647.) ; and so on. 



6859. In planting groups it is not meant to be asserted, that the ground-plan of each 

 should be studiously considered ; it will be sufficient if this is done in conspicuous situ- 

 ations, by the sides of walks and roads, and in such places as require for shelter or shade, 

 or to exclude some disagreeable object, a series of groups of nearly the same number of 

 trees. For the ordinary purposes of grouping, such as varying the apparent outline of 

 masses, connecting scattered objects, adding parts to such objects as are incomplete 

 wholes, &c., it will be sufficient to introduce large and small groups; never to put two 

 trees at exactly the same distance from each other ; three in the angles of an equilateral 

 triangle ; four in those of a square ; five in those of an octagon, and so on. 



