1098 STATISTICS OF GARDENING. PART IV. 



Crescenzio, in Italy, early in the fifteenth century ; and soon after one or two in 

 France, Germany, and Britain. We shall enumerate the whole of the British works 

 on gardening, as far as we have been able to collect their titles ; and next, the leading 

 works of France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Russia, and America. 



SECT. I. Of the Literature of British Gardening. 



7686. The first British work on husbandry is that of Judge Fitzherbert, published about 

 the middle of the 16th century. Before the end of the same century appeared Tusser, 

 Mountain, Mascal, and Hyll, who wrote expressly on gardening, partly from their own 

 experience and observation, and partly by translating from the Latin and Greek 

 authors. In the seventeenth century appeared as gardening authors, Plat, Lawson, 

 Gardiner, Standish, Parkinson, Plattes, Austin, Tradescant, Evelyn, Cowley, Blake, 

 Rea, Worlidge, Meager, Temple, and some others. Those of the succeeding century 

 are numerous, and consist in great part of practical or professional gardeners, who 

 wrote from their own experience ; of these are London and Wise, Collins, Switzer, Fair- 

 child, Miller, Cowell, Hitt, Hill, Wheeler, Boucher, Swinden, Abercrombie, Speedily, 

 Forsyth, Maddock, M'Phail, Repton, and Nicol. 



7687. Of amateur gardeners and botanists, who wrote on gardening during the eigh- 

 teenth century, there are Laurence, Bradley, Evelyn, Justice, Hanbury, Weston, 

 Wheatley, Chambers, G. Mason, Mason the poet, Anderson, R. P. Knight, T. A. 

 Knight, U. Price, M. Marshall, and C. Marshall. The nineteenth century has pro- 

 duced one or two practical authors, as Pontey, Hayward, Emmerton, and Hogg ; one 

 gentleman writer on the subject, Hope ; besides a number of authors of both classes, 

 who have contributed papers to the Horticultural Societies. 



7688. The old gardening books previous to the Restoration, Professor Martyn observes 

 (Pref. to Mill. Diet, xxxv.), " are of very inferior value, with scarcely any pretence to 

 originality, if we except Scot, Lawson, Parkinson, and Austen. Evelyn made a new 

 aera in planting and gardening. His first work was from the French, and published be- 

 fore the Restoration ; but his great work, The Silva, was original, delivered before 

 the Royal Society in 1662, and first printed in 1664. The same year his Gardener's 

 jilmanac was also published, and maintained its ground until Miller's Calendar ap- 

 peared. Cook assisted him in the article of planting ; Sharrock and Rea in that of 

 gardening, which Cowley and Rapin ornamented with the flowers of poetry. Quintiney, 

 with his followers, London and Wise, figured in gardening at the end of the same cen- 

 tury : Liger, Laurence, and Bradley, at the beginning of the next ; these were followed 

 by Switzer and Fairchild, who lead us to the time of Miller, in 1724. Contemporaries 

 with Miller were Batty Langley and Cowell. Miller, during his long career, had no 

 considerable competitor, until he approached the end of it, when several writers took 

 the advantage of his unwearied labors of near half a century, and fixed themselves upon 

 him, as various marine insects do upon a decaying shellfish. I except Hitt and Justice, 

 who are both originals ; as is also Hill, after his fashion ; but his gardening is not much 

 founded in experience." 



7 689. The first considerable treatise on ornamental gardening is *' Wheatley's, entitled 

 Observations on Modern Gardening, and published without his name. Shenstone pub- 

 lished his Unconnected Thoughts in 1764. There is an anonymous pamphlet on the 

 Rise and Progress of the present Taste of Planting Parks and Gardens, in 1767 ; and an 

 Essay on Design in Gardening in 1768, by George Mason. The English Garden, a 

 poem by Mason, appeared in 1772. Knight published The Landscape, a didactic poem, 

 in 1794. Repton, the same year, Sketches and Hints on Landscape Gardening. 

 Marshall, a Review of the Landscape ; and in 1796 he treated on ornamental gardening, 

 in the second edition of his work on planting. Essays on tlie Picturesque, by Uvedale 

 Price, Esq. in 1798. In 1803, a second magnificent work by Repton, entitled Ob~ 

 servations on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening, appeared ; and another, 

 Fragments on Landscape Gardening and Architecture, in 1716. Loudon's Observ- 

 ations on Planting and Landscape Gardening appeared in 1 804 ; and his Treatise on 

 Country Residences in 1806." 



7690. The most useful works on gardening at the present time are, in horticulture, those 

 of Forsyth, Nicol, and Abercrombie ; in floriculture, that of Maddock ; in arboricul- 

 ture, those of Pontey and Sang ; and in landscape-gardening, those of Wheatley and 

 Repton. In the transactions of the horticultural societies are some valuable and original 

 communications on the first branches, and especially on horticulture. In enumerating 

 the principal British works on gardening, including some few of those on husbandry 

 and botany, naturally connected with our subject, we shall adopt the order of the ap- 

 pearance of their authors, as writers on gardening ; and when we can, we shall give 

 short biographical notices. Those authors wh0 have merely written articles published 

 in the transactions of societies, or in public journals or magazines, are not here included, 

 unless they have also written separate works. 



