1102 



STATISTICS OF GARDENING. 



PART IV. 



1714. Lawrence, or Laurence, John, M. A., an 

 eminent naturalist, admitted of Clare-hall, Cam- 

 bridge, B. A., 1688 ; presented to the rectory of Yel- 

 vertoft in Northamptonshire, in 1703 ; where in three 

 years he improved a garden of thirty-two yards 

 square, the soil a wet white clay, so that it pro- 

 duced some of the choicest fruits. In 1721 he was 

 presented to the rectory of Bishops Wearmouth, 

 county of Durham, where he died in 1732. He is 

 described as of a hospitable and benevolent disposi- 

 tion, and taking great pleasure in presenting a rich 

 dessert of fruit to his friends. He was fond of gar- 

 dening, and considered it as a recreation particu- 

 larly suitable for a clergyman. " The most whole- 

 some kind of exercise, being ad ruborcm, non ad 

 sudorcm ; such an exercise as studious men require ; 

 less violent than the sports of the field, and more so 

 than fishing; in fine, the happy medium." 



The Clergyman's Recreation : shewing the Pleasure and 

 Profit of the Art of Gardening. Lond. fol. 



1715. Snow, T , author of Apopiroscopy. 



Arts, Improvements : or Experiments in Building, Agri- 

 culture, Gardening, &c. Lond. 8vo. 



1715. Switzer, Stephen, a seedsman and artist-gar- 

 dener. To be addressed " At the Flower-pot over 

 against the Court of Common Pleas in Westminster 

 Hall ; or at his garden in Millbank, Westminster." 

 He is said to have been brought up under London 

 and Wise. He appears to have been well educated 

 fof the time in which he lived, and it is remarkable 

 that so little is known of his history. He died in 1745. 



1. Ichnographia; or the Nobleman, Gentleman, and Gar- 

 dener's Recreation : Directions for the General Distribution of 

 a Country seat into rural and extensive Gardens, Parks, Pad- 

 docks, &c. with a general System of Agriculture, illustrated 

 with a great variety of Copperplates, from the Author's 

 Drawings. Lond. 1718. 3 vols. 8vo. 



2. The Practical Fruit Gardener. Lond. 1724. 8vo. 



3. Compendious Method of raising Kitchen Vegetables. 

 Lond. 1729. 8vo. 



4. An Introduction to a General System of Hydrostatics and 

 Hydraulics. Lond. 175*9. '2 vols. 4to. 



5. Dissertation on the true Cytisus of the Ancients. Lond. 



6. Universal System of Water and Water-works, Philoso- 

 phical and Practical ; with Cuts. 1730. 2 vols. 4to. The 

 Third Edition, made very perfect and complete, especially 

 that part which relates tc the burning of clay. 



1716. Bradley, Richard, F.R.S., a popular writer 

 of very considerable talent and indefatigable indus- 

 try, author of various treatises in natural history, 

 husbandry, &c. and Professor of Botany at Cam- 

 bridge. According to Professor Martyn, " he was 

 chosen into that office November the 10th, 1724, by 

 means of a pretended verbal recommendation from 

 Dr. Sherard to Dr. Bentley, and pompous assurances 

 that he would procure the university a public bo- 

 tanic garden by his own private purse and personal 

 interest The vanity of his promises was soon seen, 

 and his total ignorance of the learned languages 

 known. In 1731 it was in agitation to turn him out 

 of his professorship ; and he died in the latter end 

 of 1732. It may seem strange to assert, that the 

 translator of Xenophon's (Economicks did not un- 

 derstand Greek ; it is, however, true. Mr. Brad- 

 ley's being then a popular name, he was paid by the 

 booksellers for permitting them to insert it in the 

 title." He first made himself known to the public 

 in 1713, by two papers, printed in the twenty-ninth 

 volume of the Philosophical Transactions ; one On 

 the Motion of the Sap in Vegetables ; the other, 

 Microscopical Observations on Vegetation, and 

 on the quick Growth of Mouldiness on Melons. 

 From this time to his death he published two 

 volumes in folio, four in quarto, and nearly twenty 

 in octavo, on gardening, botany, and agriculture, 

 besides other publications on natural history and 

 the arts. Though Bradley's writings do not abound 

 in new discoveries, yet they are not destitute of in- 

 teresting knowledge, collected from contemporary 

 gardeners and from books. He was an advocate 

 for the circulation of the sap, and made several new 

 observations on the sexes of plants, in consequence 

 of the production of hybrid species, by which he 

 added strength to that doctrine. He wrote instruct- 

 ively on the germs of trees, on bulbs, on grafting, 

 and particularly on the methods of producing varie- 

 gated and double flowers ; and, on the whole, his 

 writings, coinciding with the growing taste for gar- 

 dening, the introduction of exotics, and improve- 

 ments in husbandry, contributed to excite a more 

 philosophical view of these arts, and diffuse a gene- 

 ral and popular knowledge of them throughout the 

 kingdom. 



1. The History of Succulent Plants, with their Descrip- 

 tions and Manner of Culture, in five Decads. 1716. 



t. New Improvement of Planting and Gardening, both 

 Philosophical and Practical, 1717. 8vo. 



3. A new Improvement of Planting and Gardening, both 

 Philosophical and Practical, explaining the Motion of the 

 Sap, and Generation of Plants ; with other Discoveries never 

 before made Public ; for the Improvement of Forest-Trees, 

 Flower-Gardens, or Parterres ; with a New Invention, 

 whereby more Designs of Garden Plats may be made in one 

 Hour, than can be found in all the books now extant. Like- 

 wise several rare Secrets for the Improvement of Fruit Trees, 

 Kitchen Gardens, and Green-house Plants. To which is 

 now added, the Gentleman's and Gardener's Calendar. The 

 whole illustrated with Copper Plates. 1720. 



4. A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature ; en- 

 deavouring to set forth the several Gradations remarkable in 

 the Mineral, Vegetable, and Animal Parts of the Creation, 

 tending to the Composition of a Scale of Life. To which is 

 added, an Account of the State of Gardening, as it is now in 

 Great Britain and other Parts of Europe, together with 

 several New Experiments relating to the Improvement of 

 Barren Ground, and the propagating of Timber- trees, Fruit- 

 trees, &c. With many curious Cuts. 1721. 4to. 



5. A Treatise on Husbandry and Gardening. 1721 . 8vo. 



6. The Monthly Register of New Experiments and Observ- 

 ations in Husbandry and Gardening ; made for the months of 

 April and May 1722; wherein is explained; 1. The Method 

 of bringing Herbs, Flowers, and Fruits, to Perfection in the 

 Winter ; with an Account of a new invented wall, to forward 

 the ripening of Fruit, &c. 2. An Account of transplanting 

 Forest-Trees and Fruit-Trees, of any bigness, in the Summer 

 season ; so that gentlemen may make complete Plantations in 

 a few days, as effectually as if they had been growing for 

 many years. Also a New Method for the Improvement of 

 Tulips. The second edition ; to which is added, 3. An An- 

 swer to some Objections lately made against the Circulation 

 of the Sap, mentioned in the Chapter of the Improvement of 

 Tulips. 1723. Svo. 



7. A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening, con- 

 taining such Observations and Experiments as are new and 

 useful for the Improvement of Land ; with an Account of 

 such extraordinary Inventions and Natural Productions as 

 may help the Ingenious in their Studies, and promote uni- 

 versal learning. With variety of curious Cuts, Svo. 1723. 

 Dedicated to Sir Nicholas Carew, of Beddington, Surrey, 

 Bart., " whose delightful gardens would alone be enough to 

 draw upon him the admiration of that part of mankind who 

 study the pleasures and tranquility of life ;" and whose " won- 

 derful orange-trees, first made familar to an English climate 

 by his noble ancestors, and the agreeable structure raised for 

 their preservation," are honorably noticed. The third and 

 last part (for August, September, and the remaining part of 

 the second year,) is inscribed to the Earl of Burlington, 

 " whose palaces and gardens give an example of his distin- 

 guishing genius ;" and has in it, among many other interest- 

 ing articles, " Observations concerning Vineyards and their 

 Produce, with some Account of the Vineyard near Bath." 

 This celebrated vineyard, it is stated, contains six acres of 

 ground; and in 1718 produced 66 hogsheads of wine, which 

 was then worth 6GCM. We are told, also, that in 1722, there 

 were still superior rines at Mr. Fairchild's at Hoxton, and at 

 Mr. Warner's at Rotherhithe. 



8. A Philosophical Treatise of Agriculture ; or, a New- 

 Method of cultivating and increasing all sorts of Trees, 

 Shrubs, and Flowers ; being a very curious work, enriched 

 with useful Secrets in Nature, for helping the Vegetation of 

 all Sorts of Trees and Plants ; and tor fertilising the most 

 stubborn Soils. By G. A. Agricola, M. D. and Doctor of Phi- 

 losophy at Rattisbonne. Translated from the German, with 

 Remarks. Adorned with Cuts. The whole revised and 

 compared with the Original ; together with a Preface con- 

 firming this new Method. 1723. 



9. Family Dictionary, containing the most approved Me- 

 thods for improving Estates and Gardens. 1726. 2 vols. fol. 



10. Practical Discourses concerning the Four Elements, as 

 they relate to the Growth of Plants. 1727. 4to. 



11. Botanical Dictionary, for the Use of the Curious in 

 Husbandry and Gardening. 1728. 2 vols. This was, it is be- 

 lieved, the first attempt of the kind in England. 



12. The Vineyard; being a Treatise showing, 1. The 

 Nature and Method of Planting, Manuring, Cultivating, and 

 Directing of Vines; 2. Proper Directions for Drawing, Pressing, 

 Making, Keeping, Fining, and Curing all Defects in the Wine ; 

 3. An Easy and Familiar Method of Planting and Raising 

 Vines to the greatest Perfection ; illustrated with several 

 useful Examples. 1728. Svo. 



13. The Gentleman and Gardener's Kalendar, directing 

 what is necessary to be done in every Month in the Year, in 

 the Kitchen Garden, Fruit Garden, and Nursery ; Manage- 

 ment of Forest Trees, Green Houses, and Flower Garden, 



with Directions for the making and ordering Hop Grounds. 



14. A Gneral Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening; 



containing a new System of Vegetation ; illustrated with 



many Observations and Experiments, formerly published 

 Monthly, and now methodized and digested under proper 

 Heads, with Additions, and Alterations; in Four Parts. 

 2 vols. Svo. 



1716. Stevenson, the Rev. Henry, of East Retford, 

 Nottinghamshire. 



1. The Young Gardener's Director. Lond. 12mo. 



2. The Gentleman Gardener Instructed. 8th edition. Lond. 

 1769. 12mo. 



1717. Collins, Samuel, Esq., of Archerton in North- 

 amptonshire. 



Paradise Retrieved ; demonstrating the most beneficial 

 Method of managing Fruit-Trees, with a Treatise on Melons 

 and Cucumbers. Lond. 1717. Svo. 

 1717. Evelyn, Charles, Esq., son of John Evelyn. 



The Lady's Recreation ; or the Third and Last Part of the 

 Art of Gardening improved. Lond. 1717. Svo. 



1722. Fairchild, Thomas, commercial gardener at 

 Hoxton, where he had an excellent vineyard, and 

 was one of the principal nurserymen and florists of 

 his time. He first made himself known by a paper 

 in the Royal Society's Transactions (vol. xxxiii. 

 p. 127.), on the " different and sometimes contrary 

 motion of the sap in plants," and assisted in expo. 



