KALENDARIAL INDEX. 



1153 



and November ((5554.) Evergreens, the hardiest 

 sorts at the beginning, and the less so at the end of 

 the month. (6572.) 



Prune such deciduous shrubs as you have ne- 

 glected last month ; evergreens from the middle to 

 the end of the month. (6884.) 



Form and repair lawns, by procuring and laying 

 turf, and by sowing grass-seeds. Where it is de- 

 sired to destroy rnoss on extensive lawns, fold sheep 

 till it be trod down and killed by pressure and ma- 

 nure; on small lawns, roll. In shady, damp situ- 

 ations, however, moss makes a better lawn than 

 grass, and it should be encouraged by forming the 

 surface of lawns of bog earth in all situations where 

 grasses do not thrive, as in towns, under close 

 trees, &c. Mow established lawns twice a-month ; 

 attend to gravel and margins. (6191.) 



9. Trees. Nursery department. 



Fruit-trees. (4361.) Finish sowing kernels for 

 stocks, or new varieties. Plant cuttings of the vine, 

 fig, gooseberry, and currant, if it has been unavoid- 

 ably delayed till this unfavorable season. Graft 

 the pear, plum, and apple. (2013.) Attend to newly 

 grafted trees, and repair cracks in the clay, or renew 

 such balls as may have dropped off; eradicate all 

 suckers, and pinch off' shoots that protrude below 

 the grafts. 



Ornamental trees and shrubs. Finish sowing de- 

 ciduous sorts, as early as possible. Sow cedars, cy- 

 presses, and other ornamental evergreens about the 

 end of the month. Sow in pots or boxes, or in shady 

 borders of soft peat earth. Transplant evergreens. 

 (6982. to 7037.) 



Forest trees. Finish sowing common tree-seeds, 



and commence with the resinous tribe, the larches, 

 firs, and pines; the cypresses, arbor-vita?s, &c. 

 Finish planting deciduous trees in nursery rows, as 

 early as possible. (7C07.) Evergreens may be trans- 

 planted during the month. Kiln-dry the cones of 

 the cedar and fir tribe, but not of the pine tribe : and 

 get the seeds out in time for sowing the end of this 

 month or beginning of next. (6984.) 



1 0. Trees. Permanent plantations and 

 park-scenery. 



Sow for forests and woods, and all sorts of profit- 

 able plantations in masses. Observe it is rather late 

 for nuts, berries, and keys, but this is the proper 

 season for small seeds. (7016.) 



Plant evergreen trees, as pine, fir, cedar of Le- 

 banon, holly, and yew during the month ; but finish 

 planting deciduous sorts as early as possible. (7007.) 

 Wherever the plants are to be, or have been long 

 out of ground, take good care to dry up their roots, 

 by exposing them as much as you can to the sun 

 and air ; do not be nice in planting. 



Routine culture. Begin to hoe and clean the 

 ground in plantations, which have been made on 

 prepared ground. Crop the ground in newly made 

 plantations, where cropping is intended. 



Operations on ground or rocks may now be pro- 

 secuted with vigor. This is also one of the best 

 months for building. Road-making, draining, fenc- 

 ing, &c. are advantageously performed during this 

 and the two preceding months. But improvements 

 can neither be well designed nor executed after the 

 trees are covered with leaves, and the ground's sur- 

 face and qualities disguised by luxuriant herbaceous 

 vegetation. 



MAY. 



1. Kalendar of animated nature round 

 London. 



In the first week: the titlark (Alauda pratensis) 

 sings; the cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) is heard; the 

 gudgeon (Cyprrnus gobio) spawns; the redstart 

 (Motacilla phocnicurus), swift (Hirundo apus], white- 

 throat (Motacilla sylvia), and stinging-fly (Conops 

 cateitrans) appear. 



Second week : the turtle-dove (Columba turtur) 

 coos ; the red ant (Formica rubra), the laughing 

 wren (Motacilla curucca}, the common flesh-fly 

 (Musca vomitoria], the lady-cow (Coccinella bipunc- 

 tata), grasshopper-lark (Alauda locusts voces}, and 

 willow-wren (Motacilla salicarid) appear. 



Third week : the blue flesh-fly (Musca vomitoria, 

 vnr.) appears; black snails (Helix vagra] abound; and 

 the'Iarge bat appears. 



Fourth week : the great white cabbage-butterfly 

 (Papilio brassiai) and dragon-fly (Libellula 4-macu- 

 lata) appear ; the glow-worm shines ; and the fern- 

 owl, or goat-sucker (Caprimulgus europteus], re- 

 turns. 



2. Kalendar of vegetable nature round 

 London. 



In the first week : geumurbanum, artemisia cam- 

 pestris, lily of the valley (CpnvaUaria majalis], 

 water-violet (Hottonia palustris}, tulip-tree (Lilio- 

 dendron tulipifera), and numerous other plants, in 

 flower. 



Second week : the oak, ash, sweet chestnut (Fagus 

 castanea}, hawthorn (Mespilus oxyacantha], the 

 common maple (Acer campestre), horse-chestnut 

 (JEsculus hippocastanum), barberry (Berberis vul- 

 earis), and the ajuga reptans in flower. 



Third week : the water scorpion-grass, or forget- 

 me-not (Mi/osotis scorpioides], lime-tree (Tilia], 

 milk-wort (Polygala vulgaris), nightshade (Atropa 

 belladonna}, and various American shrubs, in flower; 

 and rye (Secale hybernum] in ear. 



Fourth week : oaks, ashes, and beeches now ge- 

 nerally in leaf, and the mulberry (Morus nigra} be- 

 ginning to open its buds ; the cinnamon-rose and 



some other hardy roses in flower; and also the 

 bramble (Rubusfruticosus), moneywort (Lysimachia 

 nummularia], columbine (Aquilegia vulgaris), and 

 various other trees and shrubs, in blossom. 



Kitchen- Garden. Culinary vegetables. 



Sow hardy aromatic herbs, if not. done last month. 

 Small salads four times in the month for a complete 

 succession. Radishes and lettuce thrice. (3760. and 

 3970.) Peas and beans once a-week. (3601.) Spinage 

 once a-fortnight. (3771.) Carrots, for late drawing, 

 twice in the month. (3718.) Borecole, in the first 

 week, for a second main crop. (3529.) Dwarf kidney- 

 beans, in the first week, for a full crop in July ; in 

 the last fortnight, for crops in August and Septem- 

 ber. (3633.) Borecole and Brussels sprouts for the 

 last crop, and German greens to come in for spring. 

 Savoys for the last crop. (3519.) Onions for draw- 

 ing, young leeks to be late transplanted, cauliflowers 

 in the second and third weeks for a Michaelmas 

 crop. (3542.) The less hardy aromatic herbs, and 

 pumpkins, the last fortnight. (4207.) Cucumbers 

 for picklers on a dry warm border, in the last week. 



Protection. Continue this, nightly, for kidney- 

 beans and tender plants transplanted from hot-beds. 

 (2206.) 



Propagate by bulbs and dried roots. If abund- 

 ance of potatoes have not been planted, effect this 

 as early as possible ; in late situations they may be 

 planted till the middle of June. (3676.) 



Plant slips and offsets. 



Transplant the brassica tribe, lettuce, celery, ra- 

 dishes, and other plants for seed. (2079.) 



Routine culture. Stick peas, top early crops of 

 beans, and also of peas ; earth up cabbages, beans, 

 peas, potatoes, &c. Thin, weed, hoe, and stir the 

 surface among seedling crops. Water in dry wea- 

 ther, support stems, pinch off all decayed leaves, &c. 



Destroy insects and vermin. "" 



4. Hardy fruit department. 



Plant strawberries, if it has not been done last 

 month. (4717.) 

 E 



