VIOLA.] VIOLACE^. 49 



fimbriate or toothed, fruiting peduncle erect, capsule glabrous. V. 

 cani'na, Sin. Wood Violet. 



Copses and woods, from the Shetlands southd. ; ascends to 3,000ft. ; Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands; fl. March-July. Rootstock very short. Leaves in a rosette, 

 which however is often deficient, when it is with difficulty distinguished 

 from V. cani'na, from which I doubt its permanent distinctness. DISTRIB. 

 Europe, N. and W. Asia, N. America. 



V. SYLVAT'ICA proper ; rootstock short, spur short broad compressed 

 furrowed, usually pale, base of sepals much produced in fruit. V. Riwnia'na, 

 Keichb. 



Sub-sp. V. REICHENBACHIA'NA, Bor. ; flowers smaller paler, spur longer, fruit- 

 ing sepals hardly produced. (Flowers earlier.) 



6. V. arena'ria, DC. ; small, tufted, pubescent, leaves orbicular- ovate 

 obtuse, flowers on short axillary branches from a compact rosette, stipules 

 small fimbriate, spur short, capsule oblong pubescent. 



Upper Teesdale, alt. 2,000 ft., and Westmoreland, very rare ; fl. May-June. 

 VYhole plant about 2-6 in. diam., compact, hoary-pubescent. Leaves much 

 rounder than in V. sylvat'ica and cani'na. tSejjals lanceolate, acute, bases 

 produced square in fruit. Petals broad, pale blue ; spur short. Europe 

 (excl. Greece), Siberia, Labrador. 



SECTION 2. Mela'nium. Stipules leafy. Upper petals erect. Stigma 

 capitate, hollow, with a pencil of hairs on each side. No dimorphic 

 flowers. 



7. V. tri'color, L. ; leaves long-petioled ovate-oblong or lanceolate 

 crenate, stipules pinnatind, sepals with large auricles, style short straight, 

 stigma capitate excavated. Heartsease, Pansy. 



Pastures, banks and waste places, N. to Shetland ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; 

 fl. May-Sept. Very variable. Stem 4-18 in., branched, erect or ascending, 

 angular, flexuous. Leaves 1-1^ in., ly rate, coarsely and remotely crenatc- 

 serrate ; stipules ^-| in. broad, very large ; lobes spreading like a fan, 

 linear or oblong, obtuse, lateral smaller, middle sometimes leafy. Bract* 

 minute, high up on the peduncle. Flowers 5 lj in. diam.; petals purple 

 whitish or golden yellow, sometimes parti-coloured, very variable in size, 

 sometimes 0. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, N. and W. Asia to 

 Siberia and N.W. India. Sub-sp. lu'tea and Curtis' ii are confined to AY. and 

 Central Europe. V. tri'color proper and arven'sis are naturalized in 

 America. 



V. TRI'COLOR proper ; rootstock 0, stem elongate branched, petals spreading 

 usually longer than the sepals pale yellow or lilac, lip of stigma developed, 

 capsule ovoid. Cultivated ground ; ascends to near 2,000 ft. in the 

 Highlands. 



Sub-sp. V. ARVEN'SIS, Murr. rootstock 0, stem elongate branched, petals 

 erect usually shorter than the sepals or white or yellowish, capsule globcse. 

 Cultivated ground ; ascends to near 1,000 ft. in Scotland and Yorkshire. 



Sub-sp. V. CURTIS'II, Forst. ; rootstock branched stoloniferous tufted, petals 

 spreading rather longer than the sepals blue purple or yellow, capsule 

 3-gonous. V. sabulo'sa, Boreau. VARS. Mackai'i, Syme'i and Forste'ri are 



E 



