60 CARYOPUYLLE^. [CERASTITTM. 



Dry places, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 1,000 ft. ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; 

 fl. April-Sept. Habit of the preceding but usually larger, less glandular 

 and cymes more fascicled, at first subcapitate. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), 

 N. Africa, W. Asia to the Himalaya, Greenland ; introd. in U. States. 



5. C. trivia'le, Link ; pedicels longer than the sepals reflexed between 

 flowering and fruiting, primary bracts wholly herbaceous, margins of 

 secondary sometimes membranous, sepals obtuse margins broad membranous, 

 petals 2-fid, capsule twice as long as the sepals curved. C. vised sum, L., of 

 Sm. and Hook, and Arn. C. vulgatum, Fries. 



"Waste places, N. to Shetland; ascends to 3,600 ft. in Scotland; Ireland; 

 Channel Islands; fl. April-Aug. Similar to C. glomera'tum, but usually 

 perennial, often with leafy barren shoots and lax cymes. Flower xpToter&ii- 

 drous. DISTRIB. Europe from the Arctic circle southd., N. and W. Asia, 

 the Himalaya, N. Africa ; introd. in U. States. 



C. trivia'le proper ; perennial, decandrous, hairs not glandular, sepals pubes- 

 cent. YAH. C. holosteoi'des, Fries ; stem sparingly pubescent, leaves dark 

 smooth shining, flowers large. Tidal rivers, Newcastle, "VVigton, Perth. 

 VAR. pent&ndrum; annual, pentandrous, capsule shorter, sepals as in 

 trivia'le. Sea-shores. VAR. alpestre, Lond. Cat. (alpinum, Koch) ; dwarf, 

 flowers much larger. Scotch Mts. 



** Perennial, downy or woolly. Petals 5, twice as long as the sepals, 2-Jid. 



6. C. arven'se, L. ; stems hairy all round, leaves linear-lanceolate, 

 bracts and sepals subacute, margins and tip membranous, seeds acutely 

 tubercled. 



Sandy fields and waste places, from Inverness southd. ; rarer in Scotland ; 

 local in Ireland ; fl. April-Aug. Branches 6-10 in., tufted, ascending. 

 Leaves crowded on the basal shoots. Cymes many-fld. Sepals oblong-lanceo- 

 late, glandular. Capsule inclined, a little longer than the sepals, pedicel 

 erect. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, Siberia, W. Asia to the 

 Himalaya, N. America, Fuegia, Chili. 



VAR. pubes'cens, Syrne ; leaves soft and pubescent, cymes 3-10- flowered. 

 VAB. A ndrew'sii, Syme ; leaves rigid glabrescent, midrib strong beneath, 

 flowers subsolitary. 



7. C. alpi'nuin, L. ; stems hairy all round, leaves ovate or oblong- 

 ovate obtuse pubescent, bracts herbaceous obtuse, sepals obtuse with a 

 membranous margin, seeds tubercled. 



Alpine and subalpine rocks, Westmoreland, Wales, and Scotland ; ascends to 

 near 4,000 ft. ; fl. June Aug. Habit of C. arvense, but leaves much broader, 

 flowers fewer and much larger, f-1 in. diam., and capsule almost twice as 

 long as the sepals on a spreading pedicel. DISTRIB. Mountains of Europe, 

 N. America, and all Arctic regions. 



C. alpi'num proper; villous, cymes 1-several-fld., sepals faintly margined, 

 seeds small subacutely tubercled. VAR. Smith'ii ; loosely tufted, less hairy 

 and glandular, leaves broader, flowers subsolitary, seeds larger obtusely 

 tubercled. C. latifo'lium^ Sm. not L. C. lana'tum, Lamk. VAR. Edmond- 

 stone'i, Wats, (niyres' cens, Syme) ; deep green, leaves broader. Unst, in 

 Shetland. The true C. latifo'lium, L., of the Alps, with globose capsules 

 and inflated testa, is not British. 



