RUBUS.] ROSACEsE. 117 



Peaty alpine and subalpine moors, from Derby and Wales northd. ; ascends 

 to 3,200 ft. in the Highlands; N. Ireland, very rare; fl. June-July. Pubes- 

 cent. Eootstock creeping, branched. Stem 4-8 in., simple, sheathed below 

 by obtuse leafless stipules. Leaves 1-3 in. diam., petioled, crenate, plaited, 

 rugose ; stipules ovate, obtuse. Flowers 1 in. diam., white. Sepals oblong, 

 obtuse, unequal, villous. Petals oblong. Fruit \ in., orange-yellow ; drupes 

 few, large, persistent, stone smooth. DISTRIB. N. Europe (Arctic), Siberia, 

 N. America. Berry very grateful, fresh or preserved. 



2. R. saxat'ilis, L. ; barren stems procumbent unarmed or with 

 scattered bristles, flowering shorter erect, leaves 3-foliolate. 



Stony banks of subalpine rivulets, copses, &c., from Cornwall, Devon, S. 

 Wales, and Gloster to Sutherland ; ascends to 2,700 ft. in the Highlands ; 

 Ireland; fl. June-July. Softly pubescent. Eootstock creeping, stoloniferous. 

 Stems simple, with leafless obtuse stipules below ; leafing 2-3 ft., flowering 

 6-18 in. Leaves few ; leaflets 1-3 in., green, membranous, lateral shortly 

 petioled, rhomboid-ovate, obscurely lobed, sharply doubly toothed ; stipules 

 linear. Flowers in. diam., few, white ; peduncles terminal, very short. 

 Calyx-lobes ovate. Petals very small, linear-obovate. Drupes 2-3, globose, 

 scarlet, persistent, stone reticulate. DISTRIB. Europe, N. and W. Asia, 

 Himalaya. 



** Stem shrubby, with many suckers. Leaves pinnately 3-5-foliolate^ 



3. R f Idse'us, L. ; prickles of the stem straight slender, of the flower- 

 ing shoots curved, leaflets ovate or elliptic acuminate white and hoary 

 beneath, flowers drooping, petals short, drupes deciduous. Raspberry. 

 Woods, from the Orkneys southd. ; ascends to near 2,000 ft. in the Highlands; 



fl. June-Aug. Eootstock short. Stems 3-5 ft., erect, biennial, terete, pruin- 

 ose. Leaves variable ; leaflets 3-5 in., acutely irregularly serrate ; stipules 

 adnate half-way, subulate. Cymes J in. diam., few-fld., axillary and ter- 

 minal, white. Flowers honeyed, homogamous. Calyx-lobes ovate-lanceo- 

 late, tips long. Petals linear-obovate. Drupes many, red or yellow, hoary, 

 stone pitted. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, N. and W. Asia. j?. 

 Lees'ii, Bab., is a reduced state with crowded shorter leaflets. Westmoreland, 

 Warwick, Oxford, Devon, and Somerset. 



** Stem shrubby, without suckers. Leaves S-l-foliolate, rarely pinnate* 



4. R. frutico'sus, L. ; stem prickly, flowers in panicled or racemed 

 corymbs or fascicles. Blackberry, Bramble. 



Copses, hedges, &c. ; ascends to near 1,000 ft. in Yorkshire ; Ireland ; Chan- 

 nel Islands ; fl. July-Sept. Stem glabrous or with prickles bristles and 

 gland-tipped hairs in various proportions, best marked on the flowerless 

 shoots, which are suberect, or arched and rooting from a callus at the tip, 

 thus giving rise to new individuals. Leaves usually pinnately 3-5-foliolate, 

 subpersistent, glabrous or pubescent ; leaflets petioled, overlapping or not, 

 obovate or rhomboid-ovate, coarsely irregularly serrate or toothed, convex, 

 dark green above, paler, often glaucous beneath. Flowers white or pink, 

 homogamous, in terminal racemes, the lateral branches corymbose or elon- 

 gate. Drupes black or red-purple. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, 

 N. and W. Asia, Himalaya. 



