PIIYSOSPERMUM.] UMBELLIFER^. 167 



Europe, W. Asia ; species 2 or 3. ETYM. tyixra and oW^a, from the 

 bladdery fruits. 



P. cornubien'se, DC. ; branches panicled, umbels long-peduncled. 

 Thickets, S. Devon'and Cornwall ; fl. July-Aug. Glabrous except the puberu- 

 lous margins and ribs of the leaf. Stem 1-2 ft., erect, striate, Radical leaves 

 long-petioled, flat, 2-3-ternate ; segments |-| in., deeply laciniate, long 

 petioled. Umbel-rays 10-20, 1-3 in., suberect, furrowed. Regarded by 

 Nyman and others as a sab-species of the S. European and Oriental P. 

 aquileyifolium, Koch. DISTKIB. S. of France and Spain eastward. 



5. CONI'UJYE, L. HEMLOCK. 



Tall, glabrous, biennial herbs. Leaves pinnately compound. Umbels 

 compound, many-rayed ; bracts and bracteoles many, small ; flowers white, 

 polygamous. Calyx-teeth 0. Petals obtuse, or the tip shortly inflexed. 

 Disk depressed. Fruit broadly ovoid, laterally compressed ; commissure 

 constricted, carpophore undivided ; carpels 5-angled, primary ridges pro- 

 minent obtuse, lateral distinct ; vittte many, slender, irregular ; styles 

 short, reflexed. Seed deeply grooved ventrally. DISTKIB. Europe, Asia, 

 N. Africa ; species 2. ETYM. The old Greek name. 



C. macula'tum, L. ; stem spotted, leaf-segments pinnatifid. 

 Banks, roadsides, &c., from Orkney southd. ; ascends to near 1,000 ft. in York- 

 shire ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-July. Foetid. Stem 2-5 ft., 

 stout, leafy, furrowed, purple-spotted, paniculately branched above. Leaves 

 large, deltoid, finely 2-pinnate ; segments ^ in., ovate oblong or deltoid, 

 flaccid, lower petioled, ultimate serrate. Umbels terminal and axillary, 

 shortly peduncled ; bracts reflexed, short, unilateral ; rays 10-20, |-1 in. ; 

 first open flowers small male, later larger female. Fruit in., greenish- 

 brown. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, N. and AY. Asia; introd. in N. 

 America. 



6. SMYRN'IUM, L. ALEXANDERS. 



Stout, erect, glabrous, biennial or perennial herbs. Radical leaves 

 3-nately compound, segments broad. Umbels compound ; bracts and 

 bracteoles few or ; flowers yellow, polygamous. Calyx-teeth minute or 0. 

 Petals with a short inflexed point. Disk-lobes c'onical or depressed. Fruit 

 ovoid, laterally compressed or didymous ; commissure much constricted, 

 carpophore 2-partite ; carpels subterete or angular, with 3 prominent ribs ; 

 vittse many ; styles short, recurved. Seed deeply grooved ventrally. 

 DISTRIB. Europe, W. Asia, N. Africa ; species 6 or 7. ETYM. The old 

 Greek name. 



S. Olusa'trtim, L. ; cauline leaves petioled 3-foliolate serrate. 

 Waste places, especially near the sea and amongst ruins, from Aberdeen and 

 the Clyde southd. ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; a doubtful native ; fl. April- 

 June. Shining. Root stout, biennial. Stem 1-3 ft., solid, furrowed, panicled, 

 branches often opposite. Petioles large, sheathing, margins hairy. Leaflets 

 l|-2 in., broadly obovate or ovate, obtusely serrate or lobed. Umbels lateral 



