PEUCEDANUM.] UMBELLIFERJE. 183 



imperfect, pedicels slender. Fruit f in. ; wings narrow ; styles stout, 

 recurved. DISTRIB. From Belgium southd., Siberia. Root yields a 

 stimulant resin ; odour of sulphur. 



2. P. palus'tre, Moench ; leaves 3-pinnate, leaflets pinnatifid, segments 

 narrow, bracts many persistent, flowers white. Milk Parsley. 

 Marshes, local, from York, Lincoln, E. counties, Somerset ; fl. July-Aug. 

 Glabrous ; juice milky. Stem 3-5 ft., terete, fistular, grooved. Leaves 

 |-1 in., deltoid ; leaflets petioled, lanceolate. Umbels 1-2 in. ; rays many, 

 stout, scabrid ; bract deflexed. Flowers minute. Fruit % in., broadly ob- 

 long; wings narrow, thick ; styles very short. DISTRIB. Europe, Siberia. 

 Hoot yields a yellow foetid gum-resin. 



SECTION 2. Imperato'ria, L. (gen.). Perennial. Bracts ; bracteoles 

 many. Calyx-teeth 0. Fruit with broad wings. 



P. OSTRU'THIUM, Koch ; leaves 1-2-ternate, leaflets ovate or suborbicular 

 inciso-serrate, base unequal, flowers white. Master-wort. 

 Moist meadows, rare, N. England and Scotland, naturalized ; fl. July-Aug. 



Glabrous. Stem 2-3 ft., stout, terete, fistular, furrowed. Leaves deltoid ; 



leaflets few, 1-4 in., large, often confluent ; petiole very long. Umbels large, 



many-rayed. Fruit % in. ; wings very broad ; styles short. DISTRIB. Mid. 



Europe. Formerly cultivated as a pot-herb and medicine. 



SECTION 3. Pastina'ca, L. (gen.). Bracts and bracteoles 0. Calyx- 

 teeth 0. fruit with rather narrow wings. 



3. P. sati'vum, Benth. ; leaves pinnate, leaflets sessile ovate inciso- 

 serrate, flowers bright yellow. Wild Parsnip. 

 Roadsides and waste places, from Durham and Lancaster southd. ; an escape 



in Scotland; native? Ireland; Channel Islands ; fl. July-Aug. Annual 



or biennial, pubescent. Stem 2-3 ft., stout, angled, furrowed, fistular. 



Leaves shining ; leaflets 2-5 pair, 1-3 in. Umbel-rays many, stout, long. 



Flowers small. Fruit ^ in., broadly oblong ; styles very short. DISTRIB. 



Europe, Siberia; introd. in N. America. Cultivated since the time of 



the Romans. 



32. HERAC'LEUM, Z. COW-PARSNIP, HoGWEED. 



Biennial or perennial herbs, sometimes gigantic. Leaves 1-3-pinnate ; 

 segments broad, lobed and toothed. Umbels compound, many-rayed : bracts 

 few many or ; flowers often polygamous and outer rayed, white pink or 

 yellowish. Calyx-teeth small or 0. Petals often unequal, the larger or 

 all notched or 2-lobed, point inflexed. Disk-lobes depressed or conical. 

 Fruit orbicular obovate or oblong, much dorsally compiessed, commissure 

 very broad, carpophore 2-partite ; carpels flat, lateral primary ridges 

 expanded into flat contiguous membranous wings, dorsal or intermediate 

 slender ; vittee 1 in each furrow, short, thickened downwards. Seed 

 flattened. DISTEIB. Europe, N. and trop. Africa, temp. Asia, N. 

 America ; species 50. ETYM. The god Hercules. 



