CAUCUS.] UMBELLIFERsE. 185 



white, central purplish. Fruit in., broadly oblong ; styles short, stout, 



straight. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, N. and W. Asia to India ; introd. in 



N. America. 

 D. CARO'TA proper ; erect, branches above spreading, leaf -segments narrow 



subdistant, umbels concave, spines of the fruit distinct usually hooked at 



the tip. Common N. to Shetland. 

 Sub-sp. D. GUM'MIFER, Lamk. ; branches spreading from the base, leaf -segments 



broader closer, umbels convex, spines of fruit dilated and connate at the 



base. D. marit'imus, With. Shores from Wigton southd. ; Ireland 



Channel Islands. 



35. CAU'CALIS, L. 



Annual, hispid herbs. Leaves 1-3-pinnate. Umbels simple or compound, 

 terminal or leaf-opposed, usually of few rays, sometimes capitate ; bracts 

 few or ; bracteoles more numerous ; flowers white or purplish, polygam- 

 ous, outer often rayed. Calyx-teeth acute or 0. Petals often unequal, the 

 larger notched, point inflexed. Disk-lobes thick, conical. Fruit ovoid or 

 oblong, commissure constricted, carpophore undivided or 2-fid ; carpels 

 subterete, ridges with 1 or 2 series of spines ; vittse solitary in each 

 secondary ridge. Seed deeply grooved ventrally. DISTRIB. Europe, IS T . 

 Africa, temp. Asia ; species 18. ETYM. The old Greek name. 



SECTION 1. Cau' calls proper. Secondary ridges very prominent, with 

 1 row of spreading spines. Bur-Parsley. 



1. C. daucoi/des, L. ; leaves 2-3-pinnate, segments oblong pinnatifid. 

 Chalky fields on the E. and S. coasts, from Durham to Kent and Somerset ; 



Channel Islands; (a colonist, Wats.}; fl. July. Stem 6-18 in., erect, 

 nodes hispid, angular, grooved, solid ; branches spreading. Leaves 3-4 in., 

 segments small. Umbel-rays 2-5 ; bracts few or ; bracteoles linear. Male 

 flowers (outer) white or pink, pedicelled, female subsessile. Fruit -^ in., 

 oblong; spines hooked, of the secondary ridges longest; styles short, 

 stout, erect. DISTRIB. From Denmark southd , N. Africa, W. Asia, 

 Himalaya. 



SECTION 2. Turge'nia, lloffm. (gen.). Secondary ridges with 2-3 rows 

 of spreading spines. 



C. LATIFO'LIA, L. ; leaves pinnate, leaflets few subpinnatifid. 

 Cornfields, very rare, Cambridge to Gloster, Herts, S. Wales, Somerset ; fl. 

 July. Hispid. Stem 6-18 in., simple, terete, striate, fistular. Leajlels 

 narrow-oblong, lobes J-f in. Umbel-rays 2-4, stout ; bracts broadly lanceo- 

 late, membranous. Flowers much as in C. daucoi'des, pink. Fruit J in., 

 broad ; spines long, nearly equal, rough ; styles short, stout, erect. 

 DISTRIB. From Belgium southd., N. and W. Asia, Himalaya. 



SECTION 3. Tori'lis, L. (gen.). Fruit covered between the primary 

 ridges with spreading or appressed bristles. Hedge Parsley. 



2. C. Anthris'cus, Huds. ; leaves 1-3-pinnate, leaflets broad, umbels 

 terminal compound, bracts 4- 6, spines of fruit incurved not hooked. 



