HEDERA.] AEALIACEJE. 187 



cells with a parchment-like endocarp closely investing the ovoid seed. 

 Albumen lobulate. DISTEIB. Temp, regions of the Old World ; species 

 2. ETYM. unknown. 



H. He'lix, L. ; shrubby, climbing by adhesive rootlets. 

 Rocks, woods, and walls ; ascends to 1,500 ft. in Yorkshire ; Ireland ; Channel 

 Islands; fl. Oct.-Nov. Trunk 4-10 in. diam., trailing and flowerless, or 

 ascending and flowering at the terminal free branches. Leaves very vari- 

 able, 1-3 in. broad, cordate ; lobes 5, deep or shallow, acute or obtuse ; those 

 of flowering branches ovate or lanceolate. Umbels subracemose, subglobose, 

 clothed with stellate hairs; bracts small, concave; peduncles -1 in. 

 Flowers yellow-green, J in. diam., proterandrous ; calyx-teeth deltoid ; 

 petals triangular ovate. Berry black, rarely yellow, globose, \ in. diam. 

 DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, "W. Asia to the Himalaya and Japan. The 

 small sylvestral form, with longer leaf-lobes and often pale nerves, never 

 flowers. The so-called Irish Ivy (H. canarien'sis, Willd.), with broad 

 rather fleshy leaves and 8-rayed stellate hairs, is a doubtful native of 

 Ireland. VAR. Hodgen'sii, another doubtful native Irish form, has deeply 

 5-7-lobed leaves and 12-15 rayed scale-like hairs. 



ORDER XXXVI. CORNA'CEJE. 



Shrubs or trees, rarely herbs. Leaves opposite or alternate, exstipulate. 

 Flowers small, regular, in terminal or axillary cymes umbels or heads, 

 sometimes involucrate. Calyx-limb superior, small or 0, open or valvate 

 in bud. Petals 4-5, at the base of the disk, valvate or imbricate in bud. 

 Stamens 4-5, inserted with the petals, free ; anthers adnate or versatile. 

 Disk epigynous, annular. Ovary 1-4-celled ; style 1, stigma simple or 

 lobed ; ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous, anatropous ; integuments 

 confluent with the nucleus. Drupe, with a 1-4-celled stone, or 1-4 stones. 

 Seed oblong, testa membranous, albumen copious fleshy ; embryo minute 

 or elongate. DISTRIB. Chiefly N. temp, regions; genera 12 ; species 

 76. AFFINITIES. Close to Caprifoliacece and Araliacece. PROPERTIES 

 unimportant. 



1. COR'NUS, L. CORNEL, DOGWOOD. 



Herbs, trees, or shrubs. Leaves opposite, rarely alternate. Flowers 

 small, in dichotomous cymes or involucrate umbels or heads, white or 

 yellow, honeyed. Calyx-teeth 4, minute. Petals 4, valvate in bud. 

 Stamens 4. Disk tumid or obsolete. Ovary 2 -celled ; stigma capitate or 

 truncate. Drupe ovoid or oblong, areolate at the top, stone 2-celled. 

 Cotyledons foliaceous. DISTRIB. N. temp, and subtrop. regions; species 

 25. ETYM. cormi, from the horny hardness of the wood. 



l.C. sanguin'ea, L. shrubby, cymes corymbose ebracteate. Dogwoood, 

 Dogberry, Prickiuood. 



