YIBURNUM.] CAPRIFOLIACE^. 189 



on the pedicel, 1-2-bracteolate ; outer sometimes male or neuter, with larger 

 petals. Calyx-tube turbinate or ovoid ; limb 5-toothed. Corolla rotate, 

 tubular or campanulate, 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Disk 0. Ovary 1-3-celled ; 

 style conical, 3-fid, or stigmas 3 sessile ; ovules 1 in each cell, pendulous. 

 Drupe dry or fleshy, terete or compressed, 1- or 3-celled, 1-seeded. Seeds 

 compressed ; embryo minute. DISTRIB. Temp, and subtrop. regions of 

 the N. hemisphere, Andes. ETYM. unknown. 



1. V. Lanta'na, L. ; scurfily pubescent, leaves broadly oblong-cordate 

 serrulate exstipulate, flowers all perfect. Wayfaring tree. 



Dry copses and hedges, from York southd. ; naturalized elsewhere ; Channel 

 Islands; fl. May-June. Shrubby, 6-20 ft.; pubescence stellate. Leaves 

 2-4 in., rugose, obtuse. Cymes flat-topped, rays stout. Flowers | in. diam., 

 white, 2-bracteolate. Corolla shortly funnel-shaped. Stamens shortly 

 exserted. Drupe flattened, ^ in., black. Seeds grooved ventrally. DISTRIB. 

 From Belgium southd., N. and W. Asia, N. Africa. Bark acrid. 



2. V. Op'ulus, L. ; subglabrous, leaves 3-lobed stipulate, outer flowers 

 larger neuter. Guelder-rose. 



Copses and hedges, from Caithness southd. ; rare in Scotland ; Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands ; fl. June-July. Shrubby, 6-8 ft., buds scaly ; branches 

 slender, lenticellate. Leaves 2-3 in., young downy ; lobes unequal, serrate ; 

 s'ipules linear, glandular, adnate to the petiole. Cymes 2-4 in. diam., sub- 

 globose. Flowers honeyed, homogamous, outer corollas | iu. diam., white, 

 rotate ; inner J in. diam., cream-white, campanulate. Drupe f in., sub- 

 globose, red, translucent. Seeds compressed, keeled on the faces. DISTRIB. 

 Europe, N. and "W. Asia, N. America. 



2. SAMBU'CUS, L. ELDER. 



Large herbs, shrubs, or trees ; branches stout, pith thick. Leaves pin- 

 nate. Flowers small, in umbellate corymbs or panicles, jointed on the 

 pedicel, bracteolate. Calyx-limb 3-5 -toothed. Corolla rotate or campa- 

 nulate, 3-5-partite. Stamens 5. Disk convex. Ovary 3-5-celled ; style 

 short, 3-5-partite, or stigmas 3-5 sessile ; ovules 1 in each cell, pendu- 

 lous. Drupe with 3-5 cartilaginous cells. Seeds compressed ; embryo 

 long. DISTBIB. All temp, regions (S. Africa excepted) and trop. 

 mountains ; species 10-12. ETYM. o-a^vKrj, being formerly used for 

 musical instruments. 



1. S. Eb'ulus, L. ; herbaceous, stipules leafy serrate, cymes 3-rayed 

 corymbose compact. Dwarf Elder, Dane-wort. 



"Waste places, local, from Caithness southd.; Ireland; Channel Islands; (a 

 denizen, Wats.) ; fl. July-Aug. Glabrous. Rootstock creeping.. Stems 2-4 

 ft., many, stout, ribbed and grooved. Leaflets 4-6 in., 4-6 pair, oblong- 

 lanceolate, serrate. Cyme 3-4 in. diam. Corolla broadly campanulate, 

 white tipped with pink. Filaments crumpled. Berry small, globose, black. 

 DISTRIB. Europe, W. Asia, Himalaya, N. Africa. Plant foetid, emetic, 

 and purgative. Supposed to have been introduced by the Danes. 



2. S. ni'gra, L. ; a tree, stipules small or 0, cymes 5-rayed. Elder. 



