GALIUM.] RUBIAGE^. 193 



recurved. Cymes very compound, axillary and terminal, leafy; flowers 

 2-3exual, proterandrous. Fruit small, black. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Asia, 

 Himalaya, N. Africa ; introd. in N. America. Flowers used to curdle milk. 

 A hybrid (var. ochroleucum, Syme) with G. Mollugo occurs at Deal. It is 

 greenish when dry, and has pale yellow flowers. 



2. G. Crucia'ta, Scopoli ; leaves 4 in a whorl elliptic hairy above and 

 beneath. G-. cruciatum, With. Valantia Cruciata, L. Grosswort. 

 Copses and hedges, from Elgin and the mid-Hebrides southd. ; Ireland, very 



rare ; fl. April-June. Rootstock creeping. Stems 6 in.-2 ft., slender, de- 

 cumbent, branched at the base. Leaves ^-1 in., 3-nerved. Cymes axillary, 

 few-fld., peduncles short; flowers | in. diam., outer male. Fruit globose, 

 pedicel recurved. DISTRIB. From Holland southd., Siberia, AY. Asia. 

 ** Perennial* Cymes both axillary and terminal. Flowers white. Fruit 

 glabrous, smooth granulate or rough, very minute. 



3. G. palus'tre, L. ; steins lax rough prickly, leaves 4-6 in a whorl 

 obtuse, cymes diffuse, fruit smooth, pedicels divaricate. 



Marshes and ditches, N. to Sutherland ; ascends to 2,000 ft. in Northumbd. ; 

 Ireland; Channel Islands; fl. July- Aug. Glabrous except the reflexed 

 prickles of the leaf-margins, black when dry, very variable. Rootstock 

 creeping. Stems 6 in.-3 ft., flaccid, decumbent or ascending, branched 

 throughout. Leaves |-1 in., shining, oblong linear or lanceolate-oblong. 

 Cymes corymbose, longer than the leaves. Corolla-lobes acute. DISTRIB. 

 Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, Siberia, Persia, Greenland. 



G. palus'tre proper ; stem smooth, leaves short and narrow, branches of 

 cyme patent or reflexed after flowering, corolla and fruit smaller. VAR. 

 G. elonga'tum, Presl ; stem thick, branches of cyme not reflexed after 

 flowering, corolla in. diam., fruit fa in. diam. VAR. G. \Vitherin'gii t $ni. ; 

 stem rough with recurved bristles, leaves linear recurved, cyme narrow, its 

 branches short. 



4. G. uligino'sum, L. ; stem rough prickly, leaves 6-8 in a whorl 

 aristate, cymes small few-fld., fruit granular, pedicels erect. 



Marshes and ditches, from Caithness southd. ; ascends to 1,600ft. inNorthumbd. 

 Ireland, very rare ; Channel Islands ; fl. July- Aug. Habit and appearance 

 of G. palus'tre, L., but green when dry; leaves 6-8 in a whorl (rarely 4), 

 always narrower, more rigid, mucronate ; angles of stem more bristly ; 

 panicle narrower and fruit smaller. DISTRIB. N. and Mid. Europe (Arctic), 

 N. Asia. 



5. G. saxat'ile, L. ; tufted, stem prostrate smooth, leaves usually 6 in 

 a whorl mucronate, cymes small, fruit rough, pedicels erecto -patent. 

 Rocks, heaths, &c., N. to Sutherland ; ascends to 3,700 ft. in the Highlands ; 



Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. July- Aug. Glabrous, black when dry. Stems 

 4-6 in., with many barren shoots, flowering shoots ascending, internodes 

 very short. Leaves |-| in., obovate or linear-obovate. Cymes compact, 

 pauicled. Corolla-lobes subacute. DISTRIB. W. Europe, Iceland to N. Italy, 

 W. Siberia. 



6. G. sylves'tre, Pott. ; diffuse, stem smooth glabrous or pubescent 

 below, leaves 6-8 in a whorl narrow ciliate aristate, cymes much longer 

 than the leaves, fruit rough, pedicels spreading. 



o 



