194 RUBIACEA?. [GALIUM. 



Dry rocky hills and pastures, local from Orkney and Forfar to Somerset and 

 Dorset; absent from W. Scotland, Wales, and E. England; ascends to 

 2,400 ft. in Yorkshire ; Ireland; fl. July-Aug. Yery similar to G.saxatile, 

 but less tufted, more erect and rigid ; leaves narrower, stiffer, awned. 

 DISTRIB. Mid. and W. Europe, Iceland to Spain and Servia. 



G. sylvestre proper (G. montanum, Yill. ; G. pusillam, Sm. not L.) ; stem strict 

 glabrous acutely 4-gonous, leaves suddenly acuminate, margins slightly 

 revolute, cymes lax-fld. YAR. G. nitid'ulum, Thuill. (G. commutatum^Jjab. 

 not Jord.) ; stem glabrous or hairy below obtusely 4-gonous, leaves narrower, 

 margin strongly revolute, cymes rather compact. 



7. G. Mollu'go, L. ; stem flaccid glabrous or hairy, leaves 6-8 in a 

 whorl, cymes horizontal, corolla-lobes with slender tips. 



Hedges and copses, from Perth and Lanark southd.; ascends to 1,000 ft. in 

 Yorkshire ; Ireland, very rare ; Channel Islands ; fl. July-Aug. Pale when 

 dry. Stem 1-4 ft. r erect or decumbent, angles hairy or scabrid. Leaves 

 variable, margins with erect or reversed bristles. Cymes large, panicled, 

 many-fld. Fruit T V in. diam., black, shagreened. DISTRIB. Europe 

 (Arctic), N. Asia, Himalaya, N. Africa. 



G. MOLLTJ'G oproper (G. ela'tum, Thuill., G. sca'brum, With., G. insu'bricum, 

 Gaud.) ; decumbent, branches divaricate, leaves obovate-lanceolate, cymes 

 with spreading branches. YAR. ake'ri t Syme, has linear leaves and few- 

 fld. cymes. 



Sub-sp. G. EREC'TUM, Huds. (G. aristatum, Sm. not L.) : suberect. leaves linear 

 or lanceolate, cyme with slender ascending branches. York to Kent and 

 Dorset ; Ireland ; Channel Islands. 



*** Perennial. Flowers white. Fruit hispid with hooked hairs. 



8. G. borea'le, L. ; stem erect, leaves 4 in a whorl lanceolate, cymes 

 axillary and terminal many-fld. 



Moist rocks in mountain districts, from York and Brecon N. to Shetland ; 

 ascends to 2,800 ft. in the Highlands ; Ireland ; fl. June- Aug. Glabrous or 

 pubescent ; blackish when dry. Rootstock creeping. Stems 1-2 ft., tufted, 

 rigid, sparingly branched above. Leaves ^-l^in.,3-nerved. Cymes panicled ; 

 branches suberect ; bracts ovate. Flowers j in. diam. Fruit y^- in. diam. 

 DISTRIB. N. and Mid. Europe (Arctic), N. Asia, Himalaya, N. America. 



'* Annual. Flowers white or greenish. Fruit often large, usually hispid or 

 tuber ded. Angles of stem and margins of leaves prickly. 



9. G. Apari'ne, L. ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, cymes axillary 3-9-flowered, 

 pedicels divaricate, fruit large, usually hispid. Goose-grazs, Cleavers. 

 Hedges and waste places, N. to Shetland; ascends to 1,200 ft. in Yorkshire; 



Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-July. Stem 1-5 ft., weak, straggling, 

 often forming matted masses, very rough. Leaves f-2 in., narrow-lanceola.te, 

 usually hispid all over. Fruit purplish. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. 

 Africa, N. and W. Asia to India, temp. N. and S. America. 



G. APARI'NE proper ; cymes usually 3-flowered, flowers white, fruit tubercled, 

 tubsrcles crowned by hooked bristles. 



Sub-sp. G. YAILLAN'TII, DC. ; cymes 3-9-flowered, flowers very minute 

 greenish, fruit hispid with hooked bristles. Saffron Walden, in fields. 



