GALIUM.] RUBIACE^S. 195 



10. G. tricor'ne, With. ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, cymes axillary 3-9- 

 flowered, fruit large granulate pedicels recurved. 



Cultivated fields on chalky soil, from Cumberland southd. ; (a colonist, 

 Wats.}; fl.June-Oot. Habit and appearance of G. Apari'ne, but leaves 

 narrower at the tip and the fruiting pedicels very peculiar. DISTRIB. 

 From Holland southd., N. Africa, India. 



11. G. ang'licum, Huds. ; leaves about 6 in a whorl, cymes axillary 

 and terminal panicled few-fld., fruit minute tubercled. 



Walls and sandy places, S.E. England, from Norfolk to Kent, and Cambridge 

 to Sussex ; fl. June-July. Stem diffuse, branched, 6-12 in., without barren 

 shoots. Leaves J-| in., narrow, mucronate, finally reflexed, margins rough 

 with prickles that point forwards. Flowers greenish- white. DISTRIB. From 

 Holland southd., Canaries to Persia. 



3. ASPER'U&A, L. 



Herbs or small shrubs. Flowers in terminal or axillary cymes, smalJ, 

 honeyed. Calyx-limb 4-toothed, deciduous or 0. Corolla funnel- or bell- 

 shaped, 4-fid. Stamens 4. Styles 2, more or less connate, stigmas capitate. 

 Fruit dry or rather fleshy. DlSTEIB. Temp, regions ; species 50 ? ETYM. 

 asper, from the rough hairs of many. 



1. A. odora'ta, L. ; upper whorls 7-9- lower 2-6-leaved. Wood-ruff. 

 Shaded hedgebanks, copse?, &c., N. to Shetland; ascends to 1,200 ft. in Scot- 

 land ; Ireland ; Channel Islands; fl. May- June. Almost glabrous, odoriferous 

 in drying, shining. Eootstock perennial, creeping, often stoloniferous. Stems 

 6-18 in., subsimple, hairy beneath the nodes. Leaves 1-1| in., oblong- 

 lanceolate, cuspidate, ciliate. Cymes subterminal, subumbellate. Corolla 

 \_ in. diam., tube as long as the limb, white, lobes obtuse. Fruit small, 

 hispid with hooked hairs. DiSTitiB. Europe, excl. Spain and Portugal, 

 N. and W. Asia. 



2. A. cynan'chica L. ; leaves 4 in a whorl. Squinancy-wort. 



Dry banks, lo"al, from York and Westmoreland southd. ; S. and W. Ireland ; 

 fl. June-July. Glabrous or nearly so, tufted ; branches 6-10 in., ascending, 

 Leaves -1 in , close set, 2 of each whorl much smaller than the others, 

 narrow-linear, mucronate, rigid, recurved, not ciliate. Ci/mcs lax-fld. 

 Corolla % in. diam., pink and papillose outside, white inside. Fruit minute, 

 papillose. DISTRIB. Holland to N. Africa, N. and W. Asia, Himalaya. 



4. SHERAR'DIA, Dillen. FIELD-MADDER. 



Annual or biennial. Flowers small, blue or pink, in terminal involu- 

 crate heads, honeyed. Calyx-limb 4-6-toothed, persistent. Corolla fun- 

 nel-shaped, tube slender ; limb 4-fid. Stamens 4, filaments slender. Style 

 2-fid, stigmas capitate. Fruit didyrnous, dry, crowned with the enlarged 

 calyx-limb, separating into 2 plano-convex lobes. DISTRIB. Europe, N. 

 Asia, Canaries to Persia. ETYM. James Sherard, an eminent botanist. 



S. arven'sis, L. ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, lower often opposite. 



o 2 



