VALERIAS.] VALERIANEJE. 197 



2. V. officina'lis, L. ; leaves all pinnate, flowers homomorphous. Cat's 



Valerian, All-heal. 



Wet meadows and banks of streams, N. to Orkney ; ascends to near 2,500 ft. 

 in the Lake district ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-Aug. Glabrous 

 or hairy below, foetid. Eootstock short, stoloniferous. Leaves, radical, long- 

 petioled, soon withering; cauline 2-5 in., sessile ; leaflets -2in., lanceolate, 

 entire or serrate. Cymes terminal and axillary, corymbose. Flowers 

 proterandrous. Corolla % in., pale pink. Fruit small, narrow, ovoid. 

 DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. and W. Asia, Himalaya. Kootstock an 

 antispasmodic. 



F". officina'lis proper ( V. Mika'ni, Wats.) ; leaflets 6-10 pairs, toothed on one 

 side. VAR. V. sambucifo'lia, Mikan ; leaflets, 4-6 pairs, toothed all round. 

 Very local. 



Y. PYKENA'ICA, L. ; leaves very large cordate deeply toothed. 

 Naturalized in plantations ; fl. June- July. A large coarse herb. Stem 2-4 ft. 

 Leaves often a foot in diam., upper with a few basal leaflets. Flowers much 

 as in V. officinalis. DISTRIB. S. France, Spain. 



1*. CENTRAN'THUS, DC. SPUE-VALERIAN. 



Perennial, glabrous, leafy herbs. Flowers in terminal unilateral panicled 

 cymes, bracteolate, red or white, proterandrous. Calyx-limb annular, 

 crenulate, developing into a feathery deciduous pappus. Corolla-tube 

 compressed, elongate, with a longitudinal septum, spurred at the base ; 

 lobes 5, unequal. Stamen 1. Stigma capitate. Fruit membranous, 

 1-celled, 1-seed.ed. DISTRIB. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia ; species about 

 10. ETYM. Ktvrpov and &vGos, from the spurred corolla. 



C. RU'BER, DC. ; lower leaves lanceolate, upper triangular ovate. 

 Old walls and chalk-pits, naturalized, S. England ; Ireland ; rarer northd. ; fl. 

 June-Sept. Stem woody below; branches 2-3 ft., erect, terete, fistular. 

 Leaves 2-4 in., thick ; lower 2-3 in., petioled, lanceolate or oblanceolate ; 

 upper sessile, entire or base toothed. Cymes long; flowers dense, secund. 

 Corolla in., red or white ; spur slender. Fruit J in., rough, narrow ovoid, 

 compressed. DISTRIB. Mid. and S. Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. 



2. VALERIANEL'liA, Tournef. 



Small annuals, dichotomously branched. Flowers solitary or cymose in 

 the forks of the branches, small, bracteate. Calyx-limb toothed lobed or 

 0. Corolla funnel-shaped, regular, not spurred ; lobes 5, obtuse. Stamens 

 3. Stigma simple or 3-fid. Fruit compressed, unequal-sided, grooved, 

 spuriously 2-3-celled,t. : l -seeded. DISTRIB. Europe, N. -Africa, W. Asia, 

 K. America; species about 50. ETYM. Diminutive of Valeriana. 



1. V. olito'ria, Mcench ; cymes capitate, bracts leafy toothed, fertile 

 cell of fruit corky on the back, empty ones contiguous or confluent, calyx- 

 limb 0. Valeriana Locusta, L. in part. Lamb's Lettuce. 

 Cornfields and hedgebanks, N. to Shetland ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; 



(native ? Wats.) ; fl. April-June. Glabrous, flaccid, brittle, 6-12 in. Leaves 



