206 COMPOSITE. [SOLIDAGO. 



branched, 4-24 in., glabrous or pubescent with curled hairs. Leaves 1-4 in., 

 obscurely toothed, obtuse or acute. Heads crowded, J in., shortly pedun- 

 cled, golden yellow ; invol. bracts linear, acute, glabrous, green, margins 

 scarious. Ray-jl. 10-12, spreading ; disk-Jl. 10-20. Fruit pubescent ; pappus 

 white. DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. Asia, Himalaya, N. America. 

 /S. Viryau'rea proper ; tall, leaves all oblong-obovate quite entire. VAR. anyus- 

 tifo'lia, Gaud. ; tall, leaves oblong-lanceolate upper narrower often serrate. 

 VAR. S. cam'brica, Huds. ; short, leaves broader ciliate, cyme simple, 

 heads larger. Usually in mountainous situations. 



6. I'NUIiA, Z. 



Rather rigid herbs. Leaves alternate, erect, entire or toothed. Heads 

 panicled corymbose or solitary, rayed, yellow ; involucre campanulate, 

 bracts in many series, herbaceous, outer often leafy ; receptacle flat, 

 naked. JRay-fl. female or neuter, 1-seriate, ligulate ; style-arms slender, 

 obtuse. Disk-Jl, tubular, 2-sexual ; anther-cells tailed ; style-arms short. 

 Fruit terete or angled ; pappus-hairs 1-seriate, scabrid, or outer row short. 

 DISTRIB. Europe, temp, and subtrop. Asia ; species about 56. ETYM. 

 The old Latin name. 



* Pappus without an outer series of short bristles or scales. 



1. I. Cony'za, DG. ; pubescent, leaves ovate-lanceolate, corymbs 

 branched, fruit terete subglabrous. Oonyza squarrosa, L. Ploughman's 

 Spikenard. 



Copses and dry banks, from York and Westmoreland southd. ; Channel 

 Islands; fl. July-Sept. Biennial. Stem 2-5 ft., erect. Leaves 3-5 in., 

 downy beneath, lower petioled. upper subsessile. Heads in. ; invol. bracts 

 very unequal, linear-oblong, outer slightly recurved obtuse, inner accunii- 

 nate ; ligule inconspicuous. Fruit sparsely hairy ; pappus shining, reddish. 

 DISTRIB. From Denmark southd., W. Asia. 



2. I. crithmoi'des, L. ; glabrous, leaves linear fleshy, heads few in 

 simple corymbs, fruit terete silky. Golden Samphire. 



Maritime marshes and rocks, from Essex, Gloster, and Wales to Kent and 

 Cornwall ; Wigton and Kirkcudbright in Scotland ; S. and E. Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands; fl. July- Aug. Perennial, glabrous, yellow-green. Stem 

 6-18 in., stout, rarely branched, very leafy. Leaves 1-2 in., sessile, gradually 

 narrowed to the base, entire or shortly 2-4-lobed. Heads 1 in. diarn., on long 

 bracteate peduncles ; invol. bracts linear lanceolate ; lignle short. Pappus- 

 hairs rigid, unequal, dirty white. DISTRIB. W. coasts from Belgium 

 southd., N. Africa. 



3. I. salici'na, L. : leaves linear-oblong toothed and ciliate, upper 

 sessile auricled, heads solitary, fruit terete glabrous. 



Shores of Lough Derg, Gal way ; fl. July-Aug. Perennial, glabrous or slightly 

 hairy. Stem 12-18 in., leafy. Leaves 2-3 in., rigid, lower obovate-lauceo- 

 late, glabrous above, slightly hairy beneath with reticulate nerves. Heads 



