INULA.] COMPOSITE. 207 



1| in. diam. ; invol. bracts linear-oblong, ciliate, outer leafy reflexed ; 

 ligules slender. Pappus dirty white. DISTRIB. Europe, N. and W. Asia. 



4. I. Hele'nium, L. ; tall, stout, downy, Leaves large toothed, heads 

 very large, invol. bracts leafy, fruit 4-augled glabrous. Elecampane. 

 Copses and meadows, from Boss southd. and in Ireland, local, and usually natu- 

 ralized ; wild in Yorkshire (Baker] ; Channel Islands ; fl. July- Aug. Root- 

 stock large, succulent. Stem 2-5 ft., very stout, branched. Leaves velvety 

 beneath; radical 1-1| ft., oblong-lanceolate, long petioled ; cauline sessile, 

 auricled, ovate-cordate, acute. Heads 3 in. diam. ; peduncle long, stout, 

 naked ; invol. bracts broadly ovate, velvety ; ligules long, slender. Pappus 

 pale reddish. DISTRIB. From Gothland southd., Siberia ; (doubtful if 

 native W. of Russia) ; introd. in N. America. Formerly cultivated as an 

 aromatic and tonic; roots tock still used candied. 



7. PULICA'RIA, Gcertn. 



Characters of Inula, but pappus with an outer row of short scales. 

 DISTRIB. Species 24, European and Asiatic. ETYM. Pulex, from being 

 obnoxious to jlcas. 



1. P. dysenter'ica, Gcertn. ; woolly or cottony, leaves oblong-cordate 

 ^-amplexicaul, ligules long, scales of pappus connate toothed. 



Moist places, from Isla and Haddington southd., rare in Scotland ; Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands; fl, July-Sept. Rootstock creeping, stoloniferous. Stem 

 branched above, very leafy. Leaves 1|-2| in., irregularly waved and 

 toothed. Heads 1 in. diam., few, terminal ; peduncle naked, and involucre 

 densely woolly ; invol. bracts setaceous ; ray very slender. Fruit silky ; 

 pappus-hairs few, unequal, dirty white. DISTRIB. From Denmark southd., 

 N. Africa, Himalaya. Bitter, formerly used in dysentery. 



2. P. vulga'risy- Gcertn. ; pubescent, leaves sessile oblong-lanceolate, 

 ligules very short, scales of pappus free. Inula Pulicaria, L. 



Moist sandy places, rare, from Montgomery and Norfolk to Cornwall and 

 Kent; Channel Islands ; fl. Ang.-Sept. Annual, slightly glandular. Stem 

 6-8 in., irregularly much branched, leafy. Leaves 1-1| in., obscurely 

 toothed, auricles small. Heads -| in. diam., subsolitary, terminal ; peduncle 

 short, stout ; invol. bracts subulate, glandular-pubescent ; ligules erect. 

 Fruit terete, silky ; pappus-hairs few, unequal, dirty white. DISTRIB. 

 From Gothland southd., N. Africa, N. and W. Asia, Himalaya. 



8. GNAPHA'LIUM, Z. ClJD-WEED. 



Herbs, sometimes woody below, usually tomentose or woolly. Leaves 

 radical, or radical and cauline. Heads small, usualty in terminal or 

 axillary fascicled cymes or corymbs ; invol. bracts appressed, scarious, as 

 long as the flowers ; receptacle flat, naked. Outer fl. female, inl or more 

 series, very slender ; style-arms slender, tips truncate, papillose. Disk-fl. 

 2-sexual, limb dilated 5-lobed ; anther-cells tailed ; style-arms short. 

 Fruit terete or compressed ; pappus-hairs 1 senate, very slender. DISTPJB. 



