214 COMPOSITE. [MATRICARIA. 



Fields, &c., N. to Shetland; ascends to 1,200 ft. in the Highlands; Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands; fl. June-Oct. Glabrous, very similar to M. Chamomil'la^ 

 but not aromatic, leaf -segments usually large and more slender; heads 

 larger, 2 in. diam. ; ligules narrower, not reflexed till long after flowering ; 

 receptacle much less conical. Disk of fruit entire or 4-toothed. DISTRIB. 

 Europe (Arctic), N. and W. Asia. 



M. inodo'ra proper ; annual or biennial, stem erect, barren shoots 0, leaf-lobes 

 slender. VAR. salina, Bab. ; maritime, leaf-segments short fleshy, close- 

 set, obtuse convex. YAR. M. marit'ima, L. ; maritime, more succulent, 

 . perennial, stem ascending, barren shoots 0, heads fewer, receptacle narrower, 

 spaces between the ribs of the fruit narrower. 



16. CHRYSAN'THEMUM, L. 



Herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate or radical, toothed or cut. Heads 

 solitary or corymbose, ray yellow or white ; involucre campanulate ; 

 bracts imbricate, margins scarious ; receptacle flat or convex, naked. 

 Ray-fl. 1 -seriate, ligulate, female. Disk-fl. tubular, 2-sexual, terete or 

 compressed, 4-5-toothed ; anther-cells simple. Fruit of the ray-fl. ribbed 

 or winged, of the disk-fl. compressed ; pappus or a membranous ring. 

 DISTRIB. Europe, W. Asia, N. Africa ; species about 80. ETYM. xp vcr ^ s 

 and &v6e/jLov, from the golden flowers. 



1. C. seg'etum, L. ; annual, ray-fl. golden yellow, invol. bracts very 

 broad with broad scarious margins. Corn Marigold. 



Fields and waste places, N. to Shetland ; Ireland ; Channel Islands ; (a 

 colonist, Wats.) ; fl. June-Sept. Glabrous, glaucous. Stem 1-1 1 ft., erect, 

 sparingly branched. Leaves petioled, obovate, toothed and lo"bed, lower 

 pinnatifid, upper oblong ^-amplexicaul. Heads 2 in. diam. ; peduncle stout, 

 thickened upwards Liyules with retuse or lobed tips. Fruifi of the 

 rays ribbed and narrowly 2-winged, of the disk not winged. DISTRIB, 

 Europe, N. Africa, W. Asia. 



2. C. Leucan'thexmim, L. ; perennial, ray-fl. white, invol. bracts 

 narrow with dark purple margins. Ox-eye Daisy. 



Meadows and waste places, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 2,100 ft. in Wales ; 

 Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. June-Aug. Glabrous or slightly hairy. Stem 

 1-2 ft., erect, simple or branched. Leaves obtusely cut or subpinnatifid ; 

 lower spathulate, petioled ; upper oblong or lyrate with pinnatifid ^-amplexi- 

 caul bases. Heads 2 in. diam. ; peduncle slender. Liyules notched at the 

 tip. Fruit* all terete, equally ribbed, of the ray with a small crown. 

 DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), Siberia, N. and "VV. Asia ; introd. in N. America. 

 A sport with bilabiate ray-fl. occurs (Dickson). 



3. C. Parthe'nium, Pers. ; perennial, ray-fl. short white, invol. bracts 

 broad ribbed downy. Matrica'ria, L. ; Pyre' thrum, Sm. Fever -few. 

 Hedgebanks, &c., N. to Caithness ; Channel Islands ; probably naturalized only ; 



(a denizen, Wats.} ; fl. July-Sept. Perennial, pubescent and branched above. 

 1-2 ft. Heads many, f-f in. diam. ; invol. bracts with a scarious border. 

 Receptacle hemispheric. Ligules short, broad. Disk of fruit cup-shaped, 

 membranous. DISTRIB. Mid. and S. Europe, introduced elsewhere. Tonic 

 and bitter. 



