TUSSILAGO.] COMPOSITE. 217 



with a few outer shorter ones ; receptacle flat, naked. Ray-fl. female, 

 multi-seriate, ligulate, narrow ; disk-fl. male, campanulate, 5-toothed. 

 Anthers without tails. Style clavate (arms connate), papillose, with 2 

 very small cones. Fruit of the ray subcylindric ; pappus-hairs very 

 slender, multi-seriate, rough ; of the disk imperfect, pappus 1-seriate. 

 DISTRIB. Europe (Arctic), N. Africa, N. and W. Asia, Himalaya ; introd. 

 in N. America. ETYM. tussis, from its use as a cough medicine. 



T. Far'fara, L. ; leaves broadly cordate angled or lobed toothed. 

 Damp heavy soils, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 2,700 ft. in the Highlands ; 

 Ireland; Channel Islands ; fl. March- April. Rootstock stout ; stolons many, 

 burrowing. Leaves 3-10 in. broad, cobwebby above, densely tomentose and 

 white beneath. Scapes 1 or more, 4-10 in., tomentose, with rnany oblong 

 appressed scales. Head 1-1 1 in. diam., bright yellow, drooping in bud. 

 Pappus soft, snow-white. Leaves used for cigar-making and smoked in 

 cases of asthma. Wool made into tinder. 



2O*. DORONI'CUM, L. LEOPARD'S-BANE. 



Herbs, 'rootstocks creeping or tuberous. Radical leaves petioled ; cauline 

 alternate, amplexicaul. Heads solitary or corymbose, rayed, yellow ; 

 invol. bracts in few series, linear, acuminate, nearly equal ; receptacle 

 conical, naked or pubescent. Ray-fl, ligulate, usually female only ; style- 

 arms truncate, tip penicillate. Disk-fl. dilated above, 5-toothed ; anther- 

 cells not tailed ; style-arms obtuse. Fruit oblong-turbinate, furrowed ; 



>appus-hairs of the ray or 1-3, of the disk in many series. DISTRIB. 



Europe, N .Asia, Mts. of India ; species 10. ETYM. doubtful. 



D. PARDALIAN'CHES, L. ; radical leaves ovate-cordate, heads usually 3-5. 



Naturalized in plantations ; fl. May-July. Pubescent and hairy. Rootstock 

 creeping, stoloniferous. Stem 2-3 ft. Radical leaves 2-5 in., loug-petioled, 

 rounded at the tip ; lower cauline ovate with dilated amplexicaul petioles, 

 upper sessile. Heads l|-2 in. diam., long-peduncled ; invol. bracts long, 

 subulate-lanceolate, glandular ; receptacle pubescent. Fruit black, ribbed, 

 of the ray glabrous without pappus, of the disk hairy with white pappus. 

 DISTRIB. Mid. and S. Europe. Keputed poisonous. 



D. PLANTAGIN'EIJM, L. ; radical leaves ovate, heads usually solitary. 

 Naturalized in plantations ; fl. June- July. Habit of the preceding, but more 

 slender and glabrous ; leaves narrower, not cordate, usually narrowed into 

 the petiole, repand-toothed, 3-5-ribbed, uppermost oblong. DISTRIB. 

 ~VV. Europe, from Belgium southd. 



21. SENECIO, L. 



Herbs (the British species). Leaves alternate. Heads solitary or co- 

 rymbose, usually yellow ; invol. bracts 1-seriate with sometimes a few 

 smaller at the base, narrow, appressed, herbaceous, tip usually discoloured ; 

 receptacle naked. Ray-fl. 1-seriate, female, or ; style-arms truncate, 

 tips penicillate. Disk-fl. tubular, 2-sexual, 5-toothed ; anther-cells not 



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