218 COMPOSITE. [SENECIO. 



tailed ; style-arms obtuse. Fruit terete or angled, furrowed ; pappus-hairs 

 in many series, soft, slender, equal in length, caducous. All temp, and 

 cold climates ; species about 500. ETYM. senex, from the hoary pappus. 



SECTION 1. Sene'cio proper. Involucre with a few (or 0) small 

 bracts at the base. 



* Leaves pinnatifid or ^-pinnatifid ; except S. aquaticus. 



1. S. vulga'ris, L. ; annual, eglandular, heads few drooping, outer 

 in vol. bracts many, ligules usually 0. Groundsel. 



Waste places, N. to Shetland, ascending to 1,600 ft. in Northumbd. ; Ireland ; 

 Channel Islands; fl. all the year. Glabrous or cottony. Stem 6-15 in., 

 often branched from the base, succulent. Leaves piimatifid, irregularly 

 coarsely toothed. Heads % in., cylindric, conical after flowering; outer 

 invol. bracts dark, ovate-subulate. Fruit ribbed, silky. DISTRIB. Europe 

 (Arctic), N. Africa ; introd. in all cool climates. VAB. radia'ta, Koch ; 

 has ray-flowers with short ligules. Channel Islands. 



2. S. sylvat'icus, L. ; annual, glandular-pubescent, heads many 

 spreading narrow, outer invol. bracts few or 0, ligules short, fruit silky. 

 Dry banks and pastures, N. to Orkney ; ascends to 1,000 ft. in the Highlands ; 



Ireland ; Channel Islands ; fl. July-Sept. Foatid. Stem |-3 ft., erect, 

 leafy. Leaves as in S. vulyaris, but more deeply cut. Heads f in., 

 cylindric ; peduncle slender. Fruit faintly ' ribbed. DISTRIB. Europe, 

 Siberia. S. lividus, Sin. not L., is a form with larger auricles to the upper 

 leaves. 



3. S. visco'sus, L. ; annual, viscid, heads few erect broad, outer invol. 

 bracts few green | as long as the inner, fruit glabrous. 



Waste dry ground, local, from Banff and Dumbarton to Kent and Sussex ; 

 Wales (not in W. or Midland counties) ; very rare in Ireland ; fl. July- Aug. 

 Foetid. Stem 1-2 ft., stout, rigid, grooved and angled, flexuous, branched. 

 Leaves broad, sub-2-pinnatifid. Heads campanulate, nearly in. long and 

 ^ in. diam. Fruit slender, ribbed. DISTRIB. Europe, Asia Minor. 



4. S. Jacobse'a, L. ; perennial, tall, erect, almost glabrous, heads in 

 a dense corymb, fruit of ray ribbed glabrous of disk hairy. Ragivort. 

 Roadsides and pastures, N. to Shetland ; ascends to 2,100 ft. in the Highlands ; 



Ireland; Channel Islands; fl. June-Sept. Glabrous or slightly cottony. 

 Stem 1-4 ft., stout, leafy. Leaves pinnatifid or sub-2-pinnatifid, lobed and 

 toothed, terminal lobe large or small, upper leaves auricled, sessile; lower 

 petioled. Heads f-1 in. diarn., bright, yellow, campanulate ; outer invol. 

 bracts few, small, subulate ; peduncle slender, bracteate. DISTRIB. Europe, 

 N. and W. Asia to India. S.fosculo'sus, Jord., a var. without ray, rarely 

 occurs. 



5. S. erucifo'lius, L. ; perennial, tall, erect, cottony or pubescent, 

 heads corymbose, fruits all ribbed hairy. S. tenrnfo'lius, Jacq. 

 Roadsides and banks from Berwick and Lanark southd. ; E. Ireland ; Channel 



Islands; fl. July- Aug. Habit of S. Jacoba'a, but more pubescent with 



